30, 


LT    H     E 


Black  Watch 

at  Ticonderoga 

and 

Major  Duncan  Campbell 
of  Inverawe^ 


By  FREDERICK  B.  RICHARDS,  A.  M. 

Secretary  of  N.  Y.  State  Historical  Association  :  Glens  Falls,  N.  Y. 


AM     EXCERPT     FROM    VOLUME    X    OF    THE     PROCEEDINGS 
OF  THE  NEW  YORK  STATE  HISTORICAL   ASSOCIATION 

PRINTED  FOR  FORT  TICONDEROQA  MUSEUM  LIBRARY 


THE  BLACK  WATCH  AT  TICONDEROGA 


BY  FREDERICK  B.  RICHARDS,  A.  M.,  Glens  Falls,  -N. 


A  residence  of  ten  years  in  Ticonderoga  inspired  me  with  an 
appreciation  of  the  history  of  that  most  historic  spot  in  America, 
and  when  as  secretary  of  the  Ticonderoga  Historical  Society  I 
was  instrumental  in  securing  the  erection  of  the  Black  Watch 
Memorial  in  that  village,  I  became  particularly  interested  in  the 
record  of  that  famous  Highland  Regiment  which  this  building  com- 
memorates. 

It  has  for  several  years  been  my  wish  to  write  so  complete  an 
account  of  the  Black  Watch  at  Ticonderoga  that  one  would  need 
look  in  no  other  place  for  any  detail  in  the  history  of  that  regi- 
ment from  the  time  it  left  Scotland  in  1756  until  after  the  capture 
of  Ticonderoga  by  Amherst  in  1759.  As  a  meeting  of  the  New  York 
State  Historical  Association  on  Lake  Champlain  seemed  an  appro- 
priate time  to  present  such  a  paper  and  the  printed  histories  of 
that  period  give  only  meagre  accounts  on  this  subject,  Mrs.  Rich- 
ards and  I  made  this  an  excuse  for  a  trip  to  the  British  Isles  and 
a  large  part  of  August  and  September,  1910,  was  spent  on  a  Black 
Watch  pilgrimage.  We  had  a  very  enjoyable  trip  and  gained  many 
interesting  facts  but  I  am  sorry  to  say  that  the  story  is  still  far 
from  complete. 

The  reason  for  the  lack  of  more  detailed  information  about  the 
Regiment  in  the  Ticonderoga  period  is  found  in  the  following  which 
is  copied  from  the  preface  of  Stewart  of  Garth's  first  edition: 

"The  origin  of  these  Sketches  and  Military  Details  was  simply 
this:  When  the  Forty-second  regiment  was  removed  from  Dublin 
to  Donaghadee  in  the  year  1771,  the  baggage  was  sent  round  by 
sea.  The  vessel  having  it  on  board  was  unfortunately  driven  on 
shore  by  a  gale  of  wind,  and  wrecked ;  the  greater  part  of  the  cargo 
and  baggage  was  lost,  and  the  portion  saved,  especially  the  regi- 
mental books  and  records,  was  much  injured.  A  misfortune  some- 


2  NEW  YORK.  STATE  HISTORICAL  ASSOCIATION 

what  similar  occurred,  when  the  army,  under  the  Earl  of  Moira, 
landed  at  Ostend  in  June,  1794.  The  transports  were  ordered 
round  to  Helvoetsluys,  with  orders  to  wait  the  further  movements 
of  the  troops.  But  the  vessels  had  not  been  long  there,  when  the 
enemy  invaded  Holland  in  great  force,  and,  entering  Helvoetsluys, 
seized  on  the  transports  in  the  harbour.  Among  the  number  of 
vessels  taken  were  those  which  had  conveyed  the  Forty-second  to 
Flanders,  having  on  board  every  article  of  regimental  baggage, 
except  the  knapsacks  with  which  the  officers  and  soldiers  had 
landed  at  Ostend  in  light  marching  order.  Along  with  the  baggage, 
a  well-selected  library,  and,  what  was  more  to  be  regretted,  all  that 
remained  of  the  historical  records  of  the  regiment,  from  the  period 
of  its  formation  till  the  year  1793,  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  enemy. 

"After  the  conclusion  of  the  late  war,  his  Royal  Highness,  the 
Commander-in-Chief,  directed  that  the  Forty-second  should  draw 
up  a  record  of  its  services  and  enter  it  in  the  regimental  books,  for 
the  information  of  those  who  should  afterwards  belong  to  the 
corps.  As  none  of  the  officers  who  had  served  previously  to  the 
loss  of  the  records  in  1794  were  then  in  the  regiment,  some  diffi- 
culty arose  in  drawing  up  the  required  statement  of  service ;  indeed, 
to  do  so  correctly  was  found  impossible,  as,  for  a  period  of  fifty- 
four  years  previous  to  1793,  the  materials  were  very  defective.  In 
this  situation,  the  commanding  officer,  in  the  year  1817,  requested 
me  to  supply  him  with  a  few  notices  on  the  subject." 

It  seemed  to  have  been  the  custom  in  the  British  army  of  that 
period  for  a  Regiment  to  carry  its  entire  belongings  with  it  from 
place  to  place  and  this  unfortunate  practice  has  swept  from  exist- 
ence every  trace  of  the  Regimental  records  of  the  Black  Watch  of 
Ticonderoga. 

It  may  be  readily  seen  that  if  Colonel  Stewart  who  had  all  the 
information  in  1817  which  the  British  government  was  able  to 
supply  and  who  was  also  fortunate  in  having  had  an  intimate 
acquaintance  during  his  service  in  the  Regiment  with  officers  who 
have  served  almost  from  its  formation,  was  unable  to  write  a  com- 
plete record,  the  task  nearly  one  hundred  years  later  might  be 
considered  well  nigh  hopeless.  There  was  the  hope,  however,  that 
some  record  which  was  then  lost  might  have  been  discovered  since 
Colonel  Stewart's  time  or  that  interesting  matter  might  be  found  in 
the  archives  of  the  families  who  had  sons  in  the  Black  Watch  of 
1758.  It  is  a  fact  that  only  recently  the  regimental  records  of  the 
Black  Watch  of  two  decades  later  were  found  in  an  old  second-hand 


THE   BLACK    WATCH    AT   TICONDEROGA  3 

book  store  in  Portsmouth  and  it  is  still  possible  that  the  regimental 
records  of  1758-9,  which  are  now  lost,  may  yet  come  to  light. 

We  find  that  nearly  all  the  histories  of  the  Highland  Regiments 
follow  Stewart  of  Garth  nearly  word  for  word  in  their  accounts  of 
the  early  history  of  the  Black  Watch.  A  notable  exception,  how- 
ever, is  "A  Military  History  of  Perthshire,"  which  has  much 
that  is  new.  There  are  also  many  interesting  letters  and  other 
records  in  "The  Chronicles  of  the  Atholl  and  Tullibardine  Fami- 
lies," relating  to  the  service  of  those  of  the  Black  Watch  who  came 
from  the  Atholl  Family  or  estate,  and  at  London  we  found  some 
dispatches  in  the  Public  Record  Office  in  the  War  Department 
which  I  have  not  seen  published.  The  chief  merit,  however,  if  any, 
which  I  can  claim  for  this  address  is  that  while  it  does  not  add 
much  that  is  new,  it  does,  I  think,  collect  in  one  article  nearly  all 
that  is  known  about  the  Black  Watch  of  the  Ticonderoga  period. 

I  might  say  here,  also,  that  whatever  was  lacking  in  in- 
formation was  more  than  made  up  by  the  cordiality  of  our  recep- 
tion, as  we  found  nearly  every  Scotsman  interested  in  the  oldest 
Highland  Regiment  of  the  British  Army  and  glad  to  help  us  in  any- 
way possible.  We  are  under  special  obligation,  which  I  here  wish 
to  acknowledge,  to  Lt.  Col.  Hugh  Rose,  the  present  commander 
of  the  First  Battalion  of  the  Black  Watch;  Major  D.  L.  Wilson 
Farquharson,  D.  S.  0.,  who  represented  the  Regiment  at  the  un- 
veiling of  the  memorial  tablet  at  Ticonderoga,  July  4,  1906,  now 
retired  and  living  in  Allargue  in  Aberdeenshire,  the  home  of  the 
Farquharson's  for  many  generations ;  W.  Skeoch  Gumming  of  Edin- 
burgh, artist  and  authority  on  Scottish  costumes  and  tartans  of  the 
18th  century;  Mrs.  Campbell  of  Dunstaffnage,  present  owner  of 
old  Inverawe  House;  the  Marchioness  of  Tullibardine,  editor  of 
<%'A  Military  History  of  Perthshire,"  and  the  Duke  of  Atholl,  present 
head  of  the  Clan  Murray,  Honorary  Colonel  of  the  Third  Battalion 
of  the  Black  Watch  and  compiler  of  the  "Chronicles  of  the  Atholl 
and  Tullibardine  Families." 

Before  proceeding  to  the  Black  Watch  of  Ticonderoga,  it  would 
perhaps  be  well  to  give  a  brief  history  of  the  Regiment.  There  is 
considerable  difference- of  opinion  as  to  just  when  the  independent 
companies  which  were  afterwards  to  become  the  present  regiment 


4  NEW  YOBK  STATE  HISTOBICAL  ASSOCIATION 

of  the  line  were  raised.  The  earliest  record  I  have  seen  is  that  on 
the  3rd  of  August,  1667,  King  Charles  II  issued  a  commission  under 
the  Great  Seal  to  John,  second  Earl  of  Atholl  "to  raise  and  keep 
such  a  number  of  men  as  he  should  think  fit  to  be  a  constant  guard 
for  securing  the  peace  in  the  Highlands"  and  "to  watch  upon  the 
braes."1 

From  this  time  until  1739  the  Black  Watch  was  in  various 
stages  of  formation.1 

It  was  at  the  period  of  the  independent  companies  that  the 
name  Black  Watch  was  given — Black  from  the  sombre  tartan  in 
contrast  to  the  regular  soldiers  who  at  that  time  had  coats,  waist- 
coats and  breeches  of  scarlet  cloth,  and  Watch  because  their  duties 
were  to  watch  or  keep  order  in  the  Highlands.  The  character  of 
the  rank  and  file  of  the  Black  Watch  of  this  period  was  exceedingly 
high,  many  gentlemen  with  servants  serving  as  privates,  and  in 
addition  to  the  enlistment  being  from  the  best  families  it  was  also 
possible  to  select  only  "men  of  full  height,  well  proportioned  and 
of  handsome  appearance."  There  were  several  reasons  for  this,  the 
principal  one  being  probably  the  fact  that  at  that  period  the  carry- 
ing of  arms  was  prohibited  by  penalties  and  it  became  an  "object 
of  ambition  with  all  the  young  men  of  spirit  to  be  admitted  even 
as  privates  into  a  service  which  gave  them  the  privilege  of  wearing 
arms."  Our  interest  in  the  Black  Watch,  however,  is  principally 
in  the  Regiment  of  the  line  as  such  and  this  dates  from  the  com- 
mission given  by  George  II,  October  25,  1739,  as  follows: 

"GEORGE  R— Whereas  we  have  thought  fit,  that  a  regiment 
of  foot  be  forthwith  formed  under  your  command,  and  to  consist 
of  ten  companies,  each  to  contain  one  captain,  one  lieutenant,  one 
ensign,  three  Serjeants,  three  corporals,  two  drummers,  and  one 
hundred  effective  private  men;  which  said  regiment  shall  be  partly 
formed  out  of  six  Independent  Companies  of  Foot  in  the  High- 
lands of  North  Britain,  three  of  which  are  now  commanded  by 
captains,  and  three  by  captain-lieutenants.  Our  will  and  pleasure 
therefore  is,  that  one  serjeant,  one  corporal,  and  fifty  private  men, 
be  forthwith  taken  out  of  the  three  companies  commanded  by  cap- 
tains, and  ten  private  men  from  the  three  commanded  by  captain- 
lieutenants,  making  one  hundred  and  eighty  men,  who  are  to  be 


1  A  Military  History  of  Perthshire,  Page  28.« 

2  The    most    complete   account    of   the    independent    companies    may    be 
found  in  "A  Military  History  of  Perthshire." 


a  ,  42f  RE$T  1751 

from-  a*  painting   of  Windsor 


The  tallest  men  of  the  Regiment  of  that  period  were  formed  into  a 
Grenadier  Company  and  wore  the  Grenadier  bearskin.  The  rest  of  the 
uniform  as  above  and  the  substitution  of  the  blue  bonnet  for  the  bear- 
skin was  the  uniform  for  the  rest  of  the  Regiment. 


THE   BLACK   WATCH    AT   TICONDEEOGA  5 

equally  distributed  into  the  four  companies  hereby  to  be  raised; 
and  the  three  Serjeants  and  three  corporals,  draughted  as  afore- 
said, to  be  placed  to  such  of  the  four  companies  as  you  shall  judge 
proper;  and  the  remainder  of  the  non-commissioned  officers  and 
private  men,  wanting  to  complete  them  to  the  above  number,  to  be 
raised  in  the  Highlands  with  all  possible  speed;  the  men  to  be 
natives  of  that  country,  and  none  other  to  be  taken. 

This  regiment  shall  commence  and  take  place  according  to  the 
establishment  thereof.  And  of  these  our  orders  and  commands, 
you,  and  the  said  three  captains,  and  the  three  captain-lieutenants 
commanding  at  present  the  six  Independent  Highland  Companies, 
and  all  others  concerned,  are  to  take  notice,  and  to  yield  obedience 
thereunto  accordingly. 

Given  at  our  Court  at  St.  James's,  this  25th  day  of  October, 
1739,  and  in  the  13th  year  of  our  reign. 

By  His  Majesty's  Command, 

(Signed) :    Wm.  Yonge. 

To  our  Right  Trusty  and  Right  Well- 
Beloved  Cousin,  John  Earl  of 
Craufurd  and  Lindsay. 

May,  1740,  these  ten  companies  were  mustered  in  a  field  be- 
tween Taybridge  and  Aberfeldy  and  in  the  army  list  of  that  year 
were  known  as  "Earl  of  Crawford's  Regiment  of  Foot  in  the  High- 
lands."1 There  have  been  several  changes  of  the  official  name  of  the 
Regiment  but  the  "Black  Watch"  was  always  the  familiar  one  in 
the  country  where  it  has  drawn  its  recruits  and  since  1881  has  been 
the  official  name  in  the  British  Army  List.1 

The  uniform  of  this  period  was  a  "scarlet  jacket  and  waist- 
coat, with  buff  facings  and  white  lace,  tartan  plaid  of  twelve  yards 
plaited  round  the  middle  of  the  body,  the  upper  part  being  fixed 
on  the  left  shoulder,  ready  to  be  thrown  loose  and  wrapped  over 
both  shoulders  and  firelock  in  rainy  weather.  At  night,  the  plaid 
served  the  purpose  of  a  blanket,  and  was  a  sufficient  covering  for 
the  Highlanders.  These  were  called  belt€d  plaids,  from  being  kept 
tight  to  the  body  by  a  belt,  and  were  worn  on  guards,  reviews,  and 
on  all  occasions  when  the  men  were  in  full  dress.  On  this  belt 
hung  the  pistols  and  dirk  when  worn.  In  the  barracks,  and  when 
not  on  duty,  the  little  kilt  or  philibeg  was  worn,  a  blue  bonnet  with 

1  See  Appendix  for  list  of  officers. 

2  See  Appendix  for  the  regimental  names  of  the  Black  Watch  at  differ- 
ent periods. 


6  NEW  YORK  STATE  HISTORICAL  ASSOCIATION 

a  border  of  white,  red,  and  green,  arranged  in  small  squares  to 
resemble,  as  is  said,  the  fess  cheque  in  the  arms  of  the  different 
branches  of  the  Stewart  family,  and  a  tuft  of  feathers,  or  some- 
times, from  economy  or  necessity,  a  small  piece  of  black  bearskin. 
The  arms  were  a  musket,  a  bayonet,  and  a  large  basket-hilted 
broadsword.  These  were  furnished  by  Government;  such  of  the 
men  as  chose  to  supply  themselves  with  pistols  and  dirks  were 
allowed  to  carry  them,  and  targets  after  the  fashion  of  the  country. 
The  sword-belt  was  of  black  leather,  and  the  cartouch-box  was 
carried  in  front,  supported  by  a  narrow  belt  round  the  middle."1 

"While  the  companies  acted  independently,  each  commander 
assumed  the  tartan  of  his  own  Clan.  When  embodied,  no  clan 
having  a  superior  claim  to  offer  an  uniform  plaid  to  the  whole,  and 
Lord  Crawford,  the  colonel,  being  a  Lowlander,  a  new  pattern 
was  assumed,  and  which  has  ever  since  been  known  as  the  42d,  or 
Black  Watch  tartan,  being  distinct  from  all  others.2  Lord  John 
Murray  gave  the  Athole  tartan  for  the  philibeg.  The  difference 
was  only  a  stripe  of  scarlet,  to  distinguish  it  from  that  of  the 
belted  plaid.  The  pipers  wore  a  red  tartan  of  very  bright  colours, 
(of  the  pattern  known  by  the  name  of  the  Stewart  or  Royal  Tar- 
tan), so  that  they  could  be  more  clearly  seen  at  a  distance.  When 
a  band  of  music  was  added,  plaids  of  the  pipers'  pattern  were  given 
to  them."3 

Having  given  briefly  the  origin  of  the  Regiment,  we  will  pass 
to  the  period  which  is  the  subject  of  our  article. 

May,  1756,  war  having  been  formally  declared  between  France 
and  England,  a  body  of  troops,  the  Highlanders  forming  a  part, 
were  embarked  under  the  command  of  Lieut.  General  James  Aber- 
crombie  and  landed  at  New  York,  June,  1756.  These  were  soon 
followed  by  more  troops  under  the  Earl  of  Loudon  who  was  ap- 
pointed Commander-in-Chief  of  the  Army  of  America. 

The  official  name  of  the  Regiment  at  this  time  was  the  42d 
Regiment  of  Foot,  but  they  are  often  spoken  of  in  dispatches 
simply  as  the  Highlanders,  because  they  were  the  only  Highland 
Regiment  then  in  this  section,  or  as  Lord  John  Murray's  High- 
landers from  the  custom  of  the  times  of  calling  a  Regiment  by  the 

1  Stewart  of  Garth,  Page  246,  Vol.  I. 

2  Capt.    I.    H.    Mackay    Scobie    claims    that    this    tartan    was    probably 
evolved  from  a  Campbell  Sett  and  was  a  Government  pattern  for  Govern- 
ment service,  worn  by  the  independent  companies  of  the  Black  Watch  be- 
fore embodied  in  1739  and  also  by  other  Scottish  regiments.     "The  Govern- 
ment or  Black  Watch  Tartan"  Army  Historical  Research,  Vol.  I,  Page   154. 

3  Stewart  of  Garth,  Page  247,  Vol.  I. 


THE    BLACK    WATCH    AT    TICONDEROGA  7 

name  of  its  Honorary  Colonel.  The  commander  of  the  Black 
Watch  at  this  time  was  Lieut.  Col.  Francis  Grant,  son  of  the  Laird 
of  Grant,  who  had  served  in  the  Regiment  from  the  time  he  had 
received  his  commission  as  Ensign,  October  25,  1739.  He  was  made 
Lieutenant  Colonel  December  17,  1755  and  was  in  command  of  the 
Regiment  all  through  the  American  campaign.  The  only  other 
officer  who  had  served  continuously  from  the  formation  of  the 
Regiment  in  1739  was  Gordon  Graham  of  Drainie,  who  in  1756  was 
senior  captain. 

The  record  of  the  Regiment  from  the  landing  in  June,  1756, 
until  the  battle  of  July,  1758,  is  exceedingly  meagre.  In  fact 
nothing  of  importance  was  done  by  the  whole  army.  As  one  author 
puts  it  "Loudon  was  so  engrossed  in  schemes  for  improving  the 
condition  of  his  men  that  he  seemed  to  have  no  time  for  employing 
them  against  the  enemy."  The  following  extract  from  a  letter 
from  the  Earl  of  Loudon  to  William  Pitt  dated  New  York,  March 
10th,  1757,  will  illustrate  the  method  of  quartering  troops  of  that 
period. 

"In  the  end  of  your  letter  you  have  acquainted  me,  that  words 
shall  be  inserted,  in  the  mutiny  act  to  take  away  every  doubt  about 
the  Right  of  Quartering  extending  to  America. 

When  I  writ  on  that  subject,  I  was  but  just  arrived,  and  the 
troops  were  mostly  encamped.  Since  that  I  have  had  disputes  to 
settle,  all  over  this  Continent,  in  settling  the  winter  quarters  for 
the  Troops  from  whence  I  find,  that  the  manner  of  quartering  in 
England,  as  in  time  of  peace,  on  Publick  Houses  only,  will  in  no 
shape  answer  the  intent  in  this  country,  for  there  are  few  Publick 
Houses  and  most  of  them  sell  nothing  but  spirits,  where  they  possess 
only  one  room  in  which  they  sell  the  liquor,  where  men  cannot  be 
quartered. 

Whilst  the  war  lasts,  necessity  will  justify  exceeding  that  rule, 
as  Troops  must  be  under  cover,  in  the  places  where  it  is  necessary 
to  post  them,  for  the  security  of  the  country  and  carrying  on  the 
service,  but  as  soon  as  a  peace  comes,  it  will,  by  the  English  rule, 
be  impossible  to  quarter  any  number  of  Troops,  in  this  country, 
without  a  new  regulation,  and  the  only  remedy  that  occurs  to  me  at 
present,  is  adopting  the  method  of  quartering  in  Scotland,  where 
for  the  same  reason  of  there  not  being  Publick  Houses  sufficient 
for  the  reception  of  Troops  they  are  by  law  quartered  on  private 
houses. 


8  NEW  YORK  STATE  HISTORICAL   ASSOCIATION 

I  must  beg  leave  to  give  you  one  instance  of  the  situation  of 
quarters  here.  When  I  arrived  at  Albany,  I  do  not  believe  it  was 
possible  to  have  quartered  Fifty  men  on  that  town,  on  all  the 
Publick  Houses  in  it,  and  taking  a  full  survey  of  it,  I  found  that 
by  quartering  on  the  Private  Houses,  I  can,  without  incommoding 
them,  in  the  parts  of  their  houses,  in  which  they  live,  quarter 
Fourteen  Hundred  men,  and  for  a  short  time,  in  case  of  necessity, 
I  could  quarter  Two  thousand.  I  have  mentioned  this  to  show  you 
what  the  situation  of  all  the  Frontier  Places,  in  this  country  that 
are  liable  to  attacks,  must  be,  if  quartering  is  likely  to  be  kept  to, 
on  Publick  Houses  only. 

On  the  10th  instant  arrived  the  Harriet  Packet  which  brought 
me  the  duplicates  of  your  letters  of  the  9th  and  llth  of  January, 
and  the  next  day  came  in  here  His  Majesty's  ship  the  Hampshire 
commanded  by  Captain  Norbury,  having  under  his  convoy  the 
nine  additional  companies  of  the  Highlanders,*  wha  had  a  passage 
of  twelve  weeks  from  Cork,  and  met  with  very  bad  weather;  of 
this  convoy  there  were  missing  on  his  arrival  in  this  Port,  the 
Arundal  and  Salisbury  Transports.  The  last  we  have,  since, 
accounts  of  her  getting  into  Rhode  Island. 

The  Troops  being  sickly,  I  have  cantooned  them  in  villages 
adjacent  to  this  Port,  for  the  sake  of  fresh  provisions  and  vege 
tables." 

In  the  published  histories  of  the  time  it  is  stated  that  the 
"42d  remained  inactive  in  or  near  Albany  during  1756  and  that 
throughout  the  winter  and  spring  of  the  following  year  the  men 
were  drilled  and  disciplined  for  bush  fighting  and  markmanship, 
a  species  of  warfare  for  which  they  were  well  fitted,  being  for  the 
most  part  good  shots  and  experts  in  the  management  of  arms." 

From  the  following  letters  found  in  the  Public  Record  Of- 
fice in  London  the  quarters  for  the  winter  of  1756-7  were  proba- 
bly at  Schenectady.  Extract  from  letter  from  Loudon  to  Pitt, 
New  York,  25th  April,  1757,  "The  Highlanders  were  set  in  motion 
from  Schenectady  *  *  *  they  marched  without  tents  and  lay 
in  the  woods  upon  the  snow  making  great  fires  and  I  do  not  find 
the  troops  have  suffered  *  *  *  We  have  on  that  River  (Mohawk) 
at  Schenectady  and  up  to  the  German  Flats,  the  Highland  Regi- 
ment upwards  of  a  thousand  men,"  etc. 


•3   additional  Companies  Black   Watch   and   3   for  Montgomery's   and    3 
for  Fraser's,  stationed  at  Halifax. 


THE    BLACK    WATCH    AT    TICONDEROGA  9 

The  second  letter  reads  as  follows,  and  while  it  is  chiefly  of 
interest  in  this  connection  because  it  is  dated  from  Schenectady, 
it  also  illustrates  the  custom  of  selling  commissions: 

Schenectady,  April  24,  1757.  _^\ 
Francis  Grant,  Lt.  Col.  42d  Regiment.    Sir: —      ;  •— "  >  >-*«» ;L«i  .. 

I  am  convinced  from  several  things  that  have  happened  me" 
since  I  have  been  in  the  Regiment  that  my  continuing  to  serve  any 
longer  in  it  would  be  disagreeable  to  the  whole  corps  of  officers  and 
being  likewise  sensible  of  my  own  unfitness  for  a  military  life  I 
have  resolved  to  quit  the  Army  as  soon  as  I  can  obtain  leave  to 
resign  my  commission.  But  as  I  have  nothing  else  in  the  world  to 
depend  upon  and  finding  myself  at  present  at  a  distance  from 
my  family  and  friends  or  anyone  whom  I  can  depend  on  for 
advice,  interest  or  assistance  and  having  frequently  experienced 
your  goodness  and  favor,  I  have  made  bold  to  apply  to  you  that 
you  would  be  pleased  to  intercede  with  his  Excellency  the  Earl  of 
Loudon,  in  my  behalf  that  His  Lordship  in  consideration  of  my 
distressed  situation  and  circumstances  might  be  moved  to  give  me 
leave  to  resign  in  favor  of  some  person  that  would  be  willing  to 
allow  me  wherewithal  to  support  me  till  I  can  settle  and  apply  to 
some  other  way  of  life. 

In  doing  me  this  favor  you'll  forever  oblige,  Sir, 

Your  respectful  and  gratefully  obed't  hum.  serv't, 

George  Maclagan,  Ens. 

p.  s. — If  it  is  agreeable  to  your  Lordship  I  am  willing  to  pay 
fifty  pound  Sterling  for  Mr.  Peter  Grant  Voluntier. 

Francis  Grant,  Lt.  Col.  42d.  Regt." 

With  these  two  dispatches  from  the  British  War  Office  as  a 
clew  I  have  tried  to  learn  more  about  the  winter  quarters  of  the 
Black  Watch  and  have  looked  through  the  Colonial  manuscript  in 
the  New  York  State  Library,  *the  Records  of  the  City  of  Albany 
and  the  published  works  of  the  period  but  so  far  without  success. 
I  have  been  unable  to  find  any  Schenectady  records  of  this  period. 
It  seems  that  a  valuable  collection  of  Glen-Sanders  papers  from  the 
old  Mansion  across  the  Mohawk  from  Schenectady  was  recently 
sold  and  I  have  been  told  that  in  these  there  were  several  refer- 


*  The  only  reference  to  the  Black  Watch  that  I  could  find  in  the  un- 
published Colonial  Manuscripts  in  the  N.  Y.  State  Library  was  the  report 
of  the  receipt  at  New  York,  8th  July,  1757,  from  the  ship  Free  Mason  of 
22  Bales,  10  Casks  and  1  Box  for  Lord  John  Murray's  Regiment.  Colonial 
Mss.,  1757,  Vol.  84,  Page  126. 


10  NEW  YORK  STATE  HISTORICAL  ASSOCIATION 

ences  to  officers  of  the  Black  Watch.  As  the  Glens1  were  Scots  it 
would  be  quite  likely  that  if  this  collection  were  not  now  scattered 
to  the  four  winds  much  information  about  the  Highlanders  could 
be  obtained.  It  is  said  that  Schenectady  was  only  a  frontier  vil- 
lage in  1756  and  not  large  enough  to  take  care  of  a  regiment  and 
it  seems  to  be  a  fact  from  the  reference  given  above  that  only  a 
part  of  the  thousand  men  were  stationed  here  as  it  states  that  the 
Regiment  was  stretched  along  the  Mohawk  from  Schenectady  to 
the  German  Flats,  but  that  it  was  a  station  for  troops  is  proven  by 
the  list  in  the  Public  Record  Office  of  the  winter  quarters  for  the 
troops  in  America  for  1758,  which  states  that  the  Black  Watch 
was  quartered  in  New  York  and  Lt.  General  Murray's  at  Schenec- 
tady. There  is  in  the  Public  Record  Office  no  list  of  winter  quarters 
of  the  troops  in  America  previous  to  1758.* 


*  After  this  article  had  gone  to  press  I  received  through  the  kindness 
of  Arthur  Doughty  Litt,  D.  Archivist  of  the  Dominion  of  Canada,  a  copy 
of  the  references  to  the  Black  Watch  in  the  archives  at  Ottawa  and  one 
reference  proves  that  the  42nd  was  stationed  at  Schenectady  the  winter  of 
1756-7,  as  follows:  Nov.  22,  1756,  Loudon  to  Fox,  the  42nd  Regiment  I 
quartered  at  Schenectady  from  whence  they  take  the  posts,  on  the  Mohawk 
River,  etc.  See  Appendix. 

It  appears,  however,  from  the  Town  Records  of  Stamford, 
Conn.,  that  a  committee  representing  that  town  made  a  claim  on 
the  "General  Court"  of  the  Colony  of  Connecticut  to  reimburse 
them  for  £369-13-4  1-2  which  the  town  had  expended  "in  taking 
care  of  the  Highlanders  from  November  30,  1757,  to  March  30, 
1758.  The  soldiers  numbered  250  officers  and  men  and  they  had 
also  belonging  to  them  17  women  and  9  children."  They  were 
probably  part  of  the  Black  Watch.  The  only  other  Highland  regi- 
ments of  that  time  were  Montgomery's  and  Eraser's,  both  raised  in 
1757  and  their  arrival  at  New  York  from  Halifax  is  noted  in  the 
'Tost  Boy"  of  April  11,  1757.  This  town  record  also  further 
illustrates  the  custom  of  that  time  as  previously  stated  and  as  an 
officer  of  the  present  Regiment  aptly  puts  it,  "they  took  not  only 
their  mess  plate  but  their  wives  also,  on  service  with  them,  and 
sometimes  lost  both." 


1  Col.  John  Glen,  born  July  2,  1735,  died  Sept.  23,  1828,  was  quartermas- 
ter during  the  French  and  Indian  and  also  the  Revolutionary  wars  and  was 
a  man  of  great  prominence  in  this  locality.  His  brother,  Col.  Henry  Glen, 
born  July  13,  1739,  died  January  6,  1814,  was  deputy  quartermaster  under 
his  brother  and  was  member  of  Congress  from  Albany  District  from  1794 
to  1802.  Schenectady  at  that  time  was  in  Albany  District.  It  was  Col. 
John  Glen  who  gave  the  name  to  Glens  Falls,  changing  it  from  Wing's 
Falls,  it  is  said  as  the  result  of  a  wine  supper. 


•a 
o 

fA 


W) 

= 
H 


THE   BLACK    WATCH    AT   TICONDEROGA  11 

This  250  at  Stamford  would  only  be  a  quarter  of  the  Regi- 
ment, however,  if  Loudon  had  upwards  of  a  thousand  at  or  near 
Schenectady  the  winter  before  and  it  is  probable  that  the  rest  were 
quartered  at  or  near  Schenectady  as  in  1756.  •  ;--  •  *• 

Another  statement  that  I  have  tried  to  confirm  is  the  account 
by  James  Grant  in  his  "Legends  of  the  Black  Watch"  of  the  50 
chosen  men  under  orders  of  MacGillivray  of  Glen  Arrow,  who  went 
to  reinforce  Col.  Munro  at  Fort  William  Henry.  It  is  also  said 
in  a  foot  note  of  Wilson's  Orderly  Book  that  Capt.  Gordon  Graham 
was  at  Fort  William  Henry  at  the  time  of  the  surrender,  and  this 
is  repeated  in  N.  Y.  Colonial  Mss.  by  O'Callaghan,  page  728,  Vol. 
10,  but  I  have  not  been  able  to  find  any  other  reference  that  would 
substantiate  these  statements. 

The  only  time  the  42d  emerges  from  the  haze  of  mystery  from 
June,  1756,  to  the  spring  of  1758,  is  that  they  were  a  part  of 
Loudon's  expedition  against  Louisbourg  in  1757,  and  this  was  more 
a  summer  vacation  than  an  act  of  war. 

If  the  English  could  have  attacked  Louisbourg  in  the  spring 
or  early  summer,  success  would  have  been  certain  but  Loudon 
couldn't  seem  to  get  started.  As  a  messenger  from  the  Governor 
of  Pennsylvania,  who  had  waited  in  vain  for  a  reply  to  a  message, 
said  about  him  he  was  like  "St.  George  on  a  tavern  sign,  always 
on  horse  back  and  never  riding  on."  The  expedition  did  not' 
start  from  New  York  until  June  20th  and  entered  Halifax  harbor 
the  30th.  Even  after  this  delay  he  was  there  before  Admiral  Hoi- 
bourne,  who  did  not  arrive  from  England  with  his  fleet  of  15  ships- 
of-the-line  and  3  frigates,  with  5,000  troops  until  July  10th.  Then 
there  was  more  delay,  the  12,000  troops  were  landed  and  weeks 
spent  in  drilling  and  planting  vegetables  for  their  refreshment. 
Lord  Charles  Hay  was  put  under  arrest  for  saying  that  the  "na- 
tion's money  was  spent  in  sham  battles  and  raising  cabbages."  The 
troops  were  embarked  again,  but  Aug.  4th  a  sloop  came  from  New- 
foundland bringing  news  of  the  arrival  of  three  French  squadrons 
at  Louisbourg  and  as  an  attack  after  this  reinforcement  would  be 
hopeless,  the  costly  enterprise  was  abandoned  and  Loudon  and  the 
troops  sailed  back  to  New  York  where  he  arrived  Aug.  31st.  Delay 


12  NEW  YORK  STATE  HISTORICAL  ASSOCIATION 

was  the  ruin  of  the  Louisbourg  expedition  and  drew  off  British 
forces  from  the  frontier  where  they  were  most  needed. 

1  The  troops  were  started  immediately  up  the  Hudson  as  soon 
as  they  were  landed  at  New  York  but  Fort  William  Henry  had 
already  been  captured  Aug.  9th  and  the  French  forces  had  fallen 
back  to  Ticonderoga. 

The  spring  of  1758  opened  up  with  bright  prospects.  Lord 
Loudon  had  been  recalled  and  General  Abercrombie,  with  the  able 
assistance  of  Lord  Howe,  was  in  command.  Admiral  Boscowen 
was  appointed  to  command  the  fleet  and  Major-General  Amherst 
and  Brigadier-Generals  Wolfe,  Townsend  and  Murray  were  added 
to  the  military  staff.  Three  expeditions  were  proposed  for  this 
year,  Louisbourg,  Ticonderoga  and  Crown  Point,  and  Fort  Du- 
Quesne.  The  army  in  America  had  been  largely  reinforced  during 
the  winter  and  spring.  Of  these  reinforcements  the  42d  was  strength- 
ened by  three  additional  companies  and  recruits  bringing  the  Regi- 
ment up  to  about  1,300  men. 

As  we  have  considerable  information  about  these  three  com- 
panies through  the  Atholl  Records,  it  will  be  interesting  to  turn 
back  and  follow  them  from  the  start  to  the  beginning  of  the  Ti- 
conderoga campaign.  The  first  item  and  one  of  interest  because  it 
shows  the  method  of  raising  companies  in  those  days,  is  a  letter 
from  the  Duke  of  Argyll  to  the  Duke  of  Atholl,  dated  London, 
July  9,  1757  * 

"My  Lord: — This  is  to  acquaint  your  Grace  that  there  is  to  be 
3  additional  Companies  raised  for  Lord  John  Murray's  Regiment. 
I  believe  the  nomination  of  the  officers  will  be  left  to  me  and  conse- 
quently to  Your  Grace;  there  will  be  3  captains,  6  lieutenants  and 
3  ensigns  and  100  men  each  company.  The  raising  the  men  will 
be  the  merit  of  those  who  shall  desire  to  be  officers  and  if  any  can 
be  found  who  have  served  in  Holland,  so  much  the  better.  Your 
Grace  will  have  your  thought  on  this  but  don't  promise  anybody 
till  you  let  me  hear  from  you.  I  shall  speak  to  Lord  John  but  I 
will  bid  him  consult  you  and  will  plainly  tell  him  that  the  com- 
missions must  all  be  given  gratis.  The  other  two  Highland  Regi- 
ments will  likewise  have  the  same  addition  made  to  them. 

I  am  with  the  greatest  truth  and  respect,  My  Lord,  Yr  Gr's 
most  faithful  and  obt.  h'ble  Servant,  Argyll 


*  Atholl  Records,  page  428,  Vol.  III. 


THE   BLACK    WATCH   AT   TICONDEROGA  13 

By  the  Duke  of  Atholl's  recommendation  the  three  companies 
were  given  to  James  Stewart  of  Urrard;  James  Murray,  nephew 
of  the  Duke  of  Atholl  and  son  of  Lord  George  Murray;  and 
Thomas  Stirling  of  Ardoch.  Three  of  the  new  subalterns  were  from 
the  Atholl  estate,  namely  Lieut.  Alexander  Menzies  and  Ensigns 
Duncan  Stewart,  son  of  Derculich,  and  George  Rattray,  son  of. 
Dalralzion.  The  three  companies  were  mustered  in  October  and 
marched  from  Perth  to  Glasgow,  where  they  remained  until  Novem- 
ber 15,  when  they  marched  to  Greenock  and  embarked  December 
1st  in  transports  for  Cork  en  route  to  America. 

April  22,  1758,  Capt.  James  Murray  wrote  from  New  York  to 
Mr.  Murray  of  Strowan  announcing  his  safe  arrival  after  a  voyage 
of  eleven  weeks  from  Cork.  The  joys  of  a  voyage  in  those  times 
when  it  could  take  ten  days  to  sail  from  Scotland  to  Ireland,  is 
illustrated  by  a  letter  from  Capt.  Murray,  dated  Youghall,  11 
Dec.,  1757.* 

My  dear  Brother: — This  is  to  let  you  know  that  I  am  just  now 
in  good  health  and  safely  arrived  here  with  my  company.  My 
transport,  together  with  the  other  five,  set  sail  on  the  1st  cur't  in 
the  evening  along  with  the  Convoy;  we  had  a  fair  wind  and  good 
weather  until  Sunday,  early  in  the  morning  (when  we  were  past 
Waterfort  in  our  way  to  Corck)  about  eight,  there  came  on  one 
of  the  most  prodigeous  storms  that  the  sailors  said  they  had  never 
seen  the  like  before.  About  two  in  the  afternoon  we  lost  sight  of 
the  Convoy  and  all  the  transports  and  have  not  yet  any  sure 
accounts  whether  they  have  got  all  safe  into  harbours  or  not.  But 
since  I  came  here  I  hear  that  there  was  five  or  six  ships  lost  on  the 
Coast  that  day.  The  storm  abated  somewhat  Monday  morning 
but  it  continued  bad  weather  until  Friday  evening  ,during  which 
time  we  were  often  in  risk  of  our  lives  especially  twice,  once  being 
within  two  yards  of  a  great  rock  and  the  other  time  when  we  were 
on  two  fathom  water  going  on  a  sandbank. 

During  all  that  time  we  were  near  several  harbours,  such  as 
Doublin,   Waterfort,   Corck   and   others  but  all   without  success. 
Saturday  and  this  day  we  had  good  weather  by  which  means  we. 
got  into  harbour. 

Your  most  aff 'te  brother, 
James  Murray. 

From  November  until  April  seems  a  long  voyage  from  Scotland 
to  America  even  in  those  days  of  primitive  navigation,  but  another 

*  Atholl  Records,  p  433,  Vol.  III. 


14  NEW  YOEK  STATE  HISTORICAL  ASSOCIATION 

of  the  three  additional  companies  was  blown  into  Antigua  and  did 
not  arrive  at  New  York  until  June. 

With  the  activities  of  the  preparations  for  the  Ticonderoga 
campaign  a  number  of  dispatches  were  sent  to  the  Home  Govern- 
ment and  it  is  possible  to  follow  more  closely  the  fortunes  of  the 
Black  Watch. 

The  addition  of  these  three  companies  raised  the  Regiment  to 
1,300  men,  and  we  find  among  the  official  documents  a  petition  from 
Capt.  Gordon  Graham,  endorsed  by  Lt.  Col.  Grant  and  General 
Abercrombie,  asking  to  be  made  Major  in  addition  to  Major  Dun- 
can Campbell,  as  follows:* 

To  His  Excellency  James  Abercromby.  Esq.,  General  and  Com- 
mander in  Chief  of  all  His  Majesty's  forces  in  North  America, 
etc.,  etc.,  etc. 

The  Memorial  of  Gordon  Graham,  eldest  Captain  in  His 
Majesty's  42nd  Regiment  of  Foot  in  North  America. 

Humbly  sheweth 

That  your  memorialist  hath  had  the  honour  to  serve  His 
Majesty  upwards  of  twenty-five  years,  twelve  of  which  as  Captain 
in  the  above  Regiment  and  is  now  eldest  in  that  Rank. 

That  he  hath  served  in  Flanders  and  elsewhere  during  all  the 
last  war,  some  part  of  which  he  was  employed  as  Major  of  Brigade, 
and  had  a  commission  as  such  from  General  St.  Clair,  on  the 
expedition  under  his  command  in  the  year  1746. 

May  it  therefore  please  your  Excellency  to  lay  his  case  before 
His  Majesty  that  he  in  his  great  wisdom  may  be  graciously  pleased 
to  promote  him  to  the  Rank  of  Major  when  an  opportunity  offers, 
all  which  is  humbly  submitted. 

To  His  Excellency,  James  Abercromby,  Esqr.,  General  and 
Commander  in  Chief  of  all  his  Majesty's  forces  in  North  America, 
etc.,  etc.,  etc. 

The  Memorial  of  Colonel  Francis  Grant,  Commanding  his 
Majesty's  42nd  Regiment  of  Foot. 

Humbly  sheweth 

That  his  Majesty  having  thought  proper  to  augment  the  said 
Regiment  to  1,300  men  by  adding  three  additional  companies  to 
it,  and  such  a  body  of  men  being  too  numerous  to  be  exercised  and 
disciplined  by  one  Major  only,  your  memoralist  humbly  conceives, 
that  it  would  be  for  the  good  of  his  Majesty's  service  to  have 
another  Major  added,  as  has  been  already  done  to  the  other  two 
Highland  Battalions  commanded  by  the  Colonels  Montgomery  and 
Fraser. 

•  Public  Record  Office  W.  O.  1.-1. 


THE   BLACK   WATCH    AT   TICONDEROGA  15 

May  it  therefore  please  your  Excellency  to  Vay  this  matter 
before  His  Majesty  that  he  in  his  great  wisdom  may  be  graciously 
pleased  to  give  such  directions  thereupon  as  shall  be  thought 
necessary,  all  which  is  humbly  submitted. 

Colo.  Grant,  commanding  His  Majesty's  42nd  Regiment,  and 
Mr.  Gordon  Graham,  a  Captain  in  the  same,  having  each  of  them 
presented  me  with  a  memorial,  the  contents  of  which  I  know  to  be 
true,  I  herewith  transmit  them  to  your  Lordship,  to  be  laid  before 
the  King,  and  to  know  His  Royal  Pleasure  therein. 

Extract  from  a  letter  signed  James  Abercromby  to  the  Right 
Hon.  Lord  Viscount  Barrington,  dated  New  York,  Apr.  28,  1758. 

As  will  be  seen  later  Capt.  Graham  became  Major  before  hear- 
ing from  the  King. 

The  next  dispatch  which  is  of  interest  and  which  makes  changes 
in  the  list  of  Commissioned  Officers  is  as  follows:  Extract  from 
letter  signed  by  James  Abercromby  to  the  Right  Honorable  the 
Lord  Viscount  Barrington,  dated  Albany,  May  27,  1758.1 

In  the  list  of  the  Commissions  which  I  had  the  honour  to 
transmit  to  your  Lordship,  by  my  last  letter,  you  will  have 
observed  two  vacancies  in  the  42nd  Regiment,  occasioned  by  the 
removal  of  Sir  James  Cockburn  into  the  48th  which  could  not  be 
filled  up  at  the  time  my  letter  went  away,  as  the  gentlemen,  whom 
it  was  proposed  should  purchase  those  vacancies  were  then  at 
Albany,2  and  their  answer  not  arrived;  since  that  the  Lieutenancy 
has  been  made  out  in  the  name  of  Mr.  Patrick  Balnevas,  and  bears 
date  the  1st  of  April;  and  Mr.  Elbert  Hering  succeeds  to  the 
Ensigncy,  dated  the  3rd  of  the  same  month." 

Then  we  have  the  dispatch  just  before  the  battle  from  Aber- 
crombie  to  Pitt,  dated  Camp  at  Lake  George,  June  29,  1758,  saying: 

"Arrived  Fort  Edward  on  the  9th,  where  Lord  Howe  was 
encamped  with  the  42nd,  44th,  and  55th  Regiments  and  4  companies 
of  Rangers.  Remainder  of  Regulars  were  at  posts  below  on  Hudson 
River  and  were  working  up  the  stores,  etc.  On  the  17th  Lord 
Howe  marched  to  the  Brook,  half  way  between  Fort  Edward  and 
the  Lake  with  the  42nd,  44th,  and  55th.  This  Half-way  Brook 
was  judged  a  proper  post  for  the  first  Deposit  in  a  Portage  of  15 
miles.3  After  the  carriages  had  made  several  trips  Lord  Howe 
advanced  to  the  Lake  with  the  42nd,  44th,  and  55th." 

1  Public  record  office  W:O :!.-!.  ,.  ... 

2  His  last  letter  had  been  written  from  New  York    April     8th      If  this 
were  an  earlier  date  it  might  indicate  the  winter  quarters    b  it  at  this  time 
the  army  was  assembling  at  Albany  for  the  seasons  campaign.     It   will  be 
noted  as  illustration  that  the  Highlanders  quartered  at  Stamford  1 

Mar3hF3o°r  further  information  in  regard  to  Halfway  Brook .  which i  Is ,  just 
north  of  the  city  of  Glens  Falls,  see  the  "Halfway  Brookln  W  tory,  Dy 
-James  A.  Holden  in  Vol.  VI.  of  N.  Y.  State  Hist.  Assn.  proceedings. 


16  NEW  YORK  STATE  HISTORICAL  ASSOCIATION 

Attached  to  this  letter  is  a  report  of  troops  at  Lake  George, 
June  29,  1758,  and  the  roll  of  the  42nd  was  as  follows: 

"10  companies,  1  Lt.  Colonel,  1  Major,  8  Captains,  18  Lieu- 
tenants, 7  Ensigns,  1  Chaplain,  1  Adjutant,  1  QuarterM aster,  1 
Surgeon,  2  Mates,  40  Sergeants,  18  Drummers ;  Rank  and  File — 981 
fit  for  duty,  11  sick  present,  6  in  general  hospital,  2  on  command, 
1,000  total.  1  drummer  and  40  rank  and  file  wanting  to  complete." 

We  find  the  solution  of  why  there  were  only  1,000  of  the 
Black  Watch  with  the  Ticonderoga  expedition  when  its  strength 
was  known  to  be  1,300  at  that  time,  in  another  extract  of  the 
Report  of  June  29th  from  Abercrombie  to  Pitt:  "I  have  left  two 
additional  Companies  of  Lord  John  Murray's  to  garrison  Fort 
Edward.  The  other  additional  company  of  the  42nd  which  was 
blown  into  Antego  (Antigua),  I  hear  is  arrived  at  New  York, 
which  I  have  ordered  up  to  Albany." 

This  is  confirmed  in  more  detail  in  a  letter  from  Sir  Robert 
Menzies  to  Mr.  Murray  of  Strowan,  dated  Rannock,  6th  Sept., 
1758,  in  which  is  an  extract  from  a  letter  received  by  Menzies  from 
"Jamie  Stewart."* 

"That,  after  the  additional  Companies  arrived  in  Fort  Ed- 
ward, the  best  men  were  picked  out  to  compleat  the  Regiment  in 
place  of  the  sick  and  old  men  that  were  put  in  their  place.  That, 
as  Capt.  Reid  was  left  behind  sick  at  Albany,  Capt.  Murray  was 
appointed  to  his  company  and  Reid  to  the  additionals,  as  Capt. 
Abercrombie  was  to  Capt.  Murray's  Company.  That  the  additional 
companies,  with  Captains  Sterling,  Reid,  and  Abercrombie,  etc., 
were  left  at  Fort  Edward,  where  they  had  nothing  to  do  but  to 
garrison  the  Fort  and  divert  themselves." 

Everything  is  now  in  readiness  for  the  attack  on  Ticonderogt 
and  an  army  of  six  thousand  three  hundred  seventy-seven  regulars 
and  nine  thousand  thirty-four  provincials  (Abercrombie  to  Pitt 
July  12,  1758)  embarked  at  Lake  George  early  on  the  morning  of 
July  5th.  There  were  nine  hundred  batteaux,  a  hundred  and  thirty- 
five  whale  boats  and  a  large  number  of  heavy  flatboats  carrying 
the  artillery  and  from  front  to  rear  the  line  was  six  miles  long. 


*  Atholl  Records  page,  444  Vo.  III. 


8  £ 

o 
I     o> 


>> 

a  < 
<  i 


THE   BLACK    WATCH    AT    TICONDEROGA  17 

Parkman  in  his  "Montcalm  and  Wolfe"  paints  the  scene  as 
follows:  "The  spectacle  was  superb;  the  brightness  of  the  sum- 
mer day;  the  romantic  beauty  of  the  scenery;  the  sheen  and 
sparkle  of  those  crystal  waters;  the  countless  islets,  tufted  with 
pine,  birch,  and  fir;  the  bordering  mountains,  with  their  green 
summits  and  sunny  crags;  the  flash  of  oars  and  glitter  of  weapons; 
the  banners,  the  varied  uniforms,  and  the  notes  of  bugle,  trumpet, 
bag-pipe,  and  drum,  answered  and  prolonged  by  a  hundred  wood- 
land echoes.  'I  never  beheld  so  delightful  a  prospect/  wrote  a 
wounded  officer  at  Albany  a  fortnight  after. 

"Rogers  with  the  Rangers,  and  Gage  with  the  light  infantry, 
led  the  way  in  whaleboats,  followed  by  Bradstreet  with  his  corps 
of  boatman,  armed  and  drilled  as  soldiers.  Then  came  the  main 
body.  The  central  column  of  regulars  was  commanded  by  Lord 
Howe,  his  own  regiment,  the  fifty-fifth,  in  the  van,  followed  by  the 
Royal  Americans,  the  twenty-seventh,  forty-fourth,  forty-sixth, 
and  eightieth  infantry,  and  the  Highlanders  of  the  forty-second, 
with  their  major,  Duncan  Campbell  of  Inverawe,  silent  and 
gloomy  amid  the  general  cheer,  for  his  soul  was  dark  with  fore- 
shadowings  of  death.  With  this  central  column  came  what  are 
described  as  two  floating  castles,  which  were  no  doubt  batteries  to 
cover  the  landing  of  the  troops.  On  the  right  hand  and  the  left 
were  the  provincials,  uniformed  in  blue,  regiment  after  regiment, 
from  Massachusetts,  Connecticut,  New  York,  New  Jersey,  and 
Rhode  Island.  Behind  them  all  came  the  batteaux,  loaded  with 
stores  and  baggage,  and  the  heavy  flatboats  that  carried  the  artil- 
lery, while  a  rear-guard  of  provincials  and  regulars  closed  the  long 
procession." 

It  will  be  unnecessary  to  go  into  the  details  of  this  disastrous 
campaign  as  it  is  not  only  well  known  to  most  of  you  but  three 
papers  bearing  on  the  subject  will  be  read  at  this  meeting.*  Briefly 
the  army  landed  at  the  foot  of  Lake  George  the  morning  of  the 
6th  and  the  afternoon  of  the  same  day  Lord  Howe  at  the  head  of 
a  Ticonderoga  party  was  killed  at  the  outlet  of  Trout  Brook.  This 
is  the  beginning  of  the  end  as  Lord  Howe  was  the  real  head  of  the 
army.  Abercrombie  took  until  the  eighth  to  make  up  his  mind 
what  to  do  and  this  interim  gave  the  French  time  to  build  the 
fatal  breastworks  across  the  ridge  about  one-half  mile  west  of  the 
Fort  and  enabled  Levis  to  arrive  with  reinforcements. 


*  Abercromby's  full  report  to  Pitt,  under  date  of  July  12,  1758,  will  be 
found  in  Mr.  Holden's  article  on  Lord  Howe. 


18  NEW  YORK  STATE  HISTORICAL  ASSOCIATION 

As  the  breastworks  play  a  most  important  part  in  the  Battle 
it  will  perhaps  be  well  to  again  quote  from  Parkman  who  gives  a 
most  comprehensive  description.  "The  trees  that  covered  the 
ground  were  hewn  down  by  thousands,  the  tops  lopped  off,  and 
the  trunks  piled  one  upon  another  to  form  a  massive  breastwork. 
The  line  followed  the  top  of  the  ridge,  along  which  it  zigzagged  in 
such  a  manner  that  the  whole  front  could  be  swept  by  flank-fires 
of  musketry  and  grape.  It  was  so  high  that  nothing  could  be 
seen  over  it  but  the  crowns  of  the  soldiers'  hats.  The  upper  tier 
was  formed  of  single  logs,  in  which  notches  were  cut  to  serve  as 
loopholes;  and  in  some  places  sods  and  bags  of  sand  were  piled 
along  the  top,  with  narrow  spaces  to  fire  through.  From  the  cen- 
tral part  of  the  line  the  ground  sloped  away  like  a  natural  glacis; 
while  at  the  sides,  and  especially  on  the  left,  it  was  undulating 
and  broken.  Over  this  whole  space,  to  the  distance  of  a  musket- 
shot  from  the  works,  the  forest  was  cut  down,  and  the  trees  left 
lying  where  they  fell  among  the  stumps,  with  tops  turned  out- 
wards, forming  one  vast  abattis,  which,  as  a  Massachusetts  officer 
says,  looked  like  a  forest  laid  flat  by  a  hurricane.  But  the  most 
formidable  obstruction  was  immediately  along  the  front  of  the 
breastworks,  where  the  ground  was  covered  with  heavy  boughs, 
overlapping  and  interlaced,  with  sharpened  points  bristling  into 
the  face  of  the  assailant  like  the  quills  of  a  porcupine.  As  these 
works  were  all  of  wood,  no  vestige  of  them  remains.  The  earth- 
works now  shown  to  tourists  as  the  lines  of  Montcalm  were  begun 
four  days  after  the  battle  to  replace  the  log  breastwork ;  and  though 
on  the  same  ground  are  not  on  the  same  plan." 

Behind  these  breastworks  the  battalions  of  LaSarre  and  Lan- 
guedoc  were  posted  on  the  left  under  Bourlamaque,  the  first  bat- 
talion of  Berry  with  that  of  Royal  Roussillon  in  the  center  under 
Montcalm  and  those  of  LaReine,  Beam  and  Guienne  on  the  right 
under  Levis.  A  detachment  of  volunteers  occupied  the  low  grounds 
between  the  breastworks  and  the  outlet  of  Lake  George  and  on 
the  side  toward  Lake  Champlain  were  stationed  450  regulars  and 
Canadians,  about  3,600  in  all. 

It  is  always  easy  to  criticise  an  event  after  it  has  occurred, 
but  the  result  certainly  shows  that  Abercrombie  could  not  have 
planned  his  campaign  more  to  the  advantage  of  the  French.  He 
first  gave  them  time  to  build  those  formidable  breastworks  and  then 
instead  of  choosing  any  one  of  half  a  dozen  plans  which  would  have 
brought  victory,  he  decided  to  throw  his  army  unsupported  by 
artillery,  which  was  still  at  Lake  George,  at  the  strongest  part  of 


THE   BLACK   WATCH   AT   TICONDEROGA  19 

the  French  position,  he  himself  staying  in  safety  at  the  saw  mill 
(about  which  we  heard  this  afternoon  in  the  able  paper  read  by 
Mr.  Delano  at  the  unveiling  of  the  tablet)  a  mile  and  a  half  in 
the  rear  of  his  army.* 

The  sad  result  is  too  well  known  to  dwell  on  and  we  pass  at 
once  to  the  part  played  by  the  Black  Wateh.  They,  with  the  55th 
were  to  have  formed  the  reserve  but  impatient  at  being  left  in  the 
rear  the  Highlanders  could  not  be  restrained  and  were  soon  in  the 
front  endeavoring  to  cut  their  way  through  the  fallen  trees  with 
their  broadswords.  Captain  John  Campbell,  who  was  one  of  the 
two  soldiers  presented  to  George  II  in  1743,  with  a  few  men,  were 
the  only  ones  to  force  their  way  over  the  breastworks  and  they 
were  instantly  dispatched  with  the  bayonet. 

Lieut.  William  Grant  of  the  Regiment  writes  as  follows: 

"The  attack  began  a  little  past  one  in  the  afternoon  and  about 
two  the  fire  became  general  on  both  sides.  It  was  exceedingly  heavy 
and  without  intercession  insomuch  as  the  oldest  soldier  never  saw 
so  furious  and  incessant  a  fire.  The  fire  at  Fontenoy  was  nothing 
to  it.  I  saw  both." 

An  officer  of  the  55th  regiment,  of  which  Lord  Howe  had  been 
the  commander,  wrote  as  follows: 

"With  a  mixture  of  esteem,  grief  and  envy,  I  am  penetrated 
by  the  great  loss  and  immortal  glory  acquired  by  the  Highlanders 
engaged  in  the  late  bloody  affair.  Impatient  for  the  fray,  they 
rushed  forward  to  the  entrenchments  which  many  of  them  actually 
mounted,  their  intrepidity  was  rather  animated  than  dampened  by 
witnessing  their  comrades  fall  on  every  side.  They  seemed  more 
anxious  to  avenge  the  fate  of  their  deceased  friends  than  to  avoid 
a  like  death.  In  their  co-operation  we  trust  soon  to  give  a  good 
account  of  the  enemy  and  of  ourselves.  There  is  much  harmony 
and  friendship  between  the  two  regiments." 

Even  the  French  were  impressed  with  the  valor  of  the  Black 
Watch  as  Garneau  writes  in  L'Histoire  du  Canada.1 

"The  Highlanders  above  all,  under  Lord  John  Murray,  covered 
themselves  with  glory.  They  formed  the  head  of  the  troops  con- 

•  This  General  James  Abercrombie  must  not  be  confused  with  Sir  RalpH 
Abercrombie  who  led  the  Black  Watch  to  victory  in  Egypt  in  11101. 
1  Translation  by  Bell,  Page  539,  Vol.  I. 


20  NEW  YORK  STATE  HISTORICAL  ASSOCIATION 

fronting  the  Canadians,  their  light  and  picturesque  costume  distin- 
guishing them  from  all  other  soldiers  amid  the  flame  and  smoke. 
This  corps  lost  half  of  its  men  and  25  of  its  officers  were  killed  or 
severely  wounded." 

Lossing  writes,  "The  whole  army  seemed  envious  to  excell 
but  the  Scotch  Highland  Regiment  of  Lord  John  Murray  was  fore- 
most in  the  conflict  and  suffered  the  severest  loss."1 

The  following  letters  from  Captain  Allan  Campbell  are  of 
interest: 

Camp  at  Lake  George,  llth  July,  1758. 

Dr.  Broyr.  —  The  8th  of  this  month  we  had  a  hot  brush  at  the 
lines  of  Ticonderoga  where  we  lost  a  considerable  number  of  men 
and  officers.  The  officers  of  your  acquentance  wounded  are  Major 
Campbell  and  his  son.  Both  in  their  arms,  and  I  hope  will  do  well. 
Captain  Stratchur  slightly  in  the  breast,  Ltt.  Archd.  Campbell 
Sheriff  Badly  in  the  Breast,  Lt.  John  Campbell  Glendaruel  slightly 
in  the  arm,  Capt.  Ltt.  John  Campbell  Duneaves  killed,  Ltt.  Hugh 
Macpherson  ditto,  Capt.  Graham,  Duchra,  and  Broyr.  Both 
wounded  slightly  and  several  other  offrs.  of  the  Regt.  but  not  of 
your  acquentance  are  killed  and  wounded. 

Our  Regt.  acquired  great  glory  by  their  good  behaviour  of  both 
men  and  officers,  tho'  we  were  unsuccessful!.  I  have  the  pleasure 
to  aquent  you  that  both  my  nephew  George  and  I  eskeaped  without 
a  scratch,  tho'  both  in  the  heat  of  the  action.  George  is  a  pritty 
Lad:  he's  now  a  Ltt.  in  Coll.  Gages  Regt.  of  Lt.  Infantry.  Your 
son  the  Major  was  well  about  2  months  ago  at  Philadelphia.  We 
are  now  at  the  end  of  Lake  George  Encampt.  I  have  told  you  now 
all  the  news  that  can  occurr  to  me  or  that  I  have  time  to  write  you, 
and  I  thought  it  my  duty  to  acquent  you  and  my  other  Broyrs.  of 
my  being  well  after  a  smart  action.  I  have  no  time  to  write  you 
more  being  excessively  hurried  having  no  Body  to  assist  me  in  the 
affairs  of  my  Company  having  my  three  Ltts.  killed  or  wounded  viz. 
Ltt.  Balie  killed  and  Ltts.  Archd.  Campbell  and  William  Grant 
wounded.  I'll  write  you  very  fully  in  my  nixt.  My  best  wishes  to 
my  sister,  to  your  family  and  all  our  friends,  and  I  am  Dr.  Bryr, 
your  most  affec.  and  Lov.  Broyr,  while 

Allan  Campbell. 

New  York,  6th  January  1759. 

Dr.  Brother, — I  writt  you  the  llth  July  in  a  great  hurry  after 
our  retreat  from  Ticonderoga  to  let  you  know  of  mine  and  George's 
welfair,  after  that  unlucky  afair,  where  severall  of  our  friends  and 
a  great  many  worthy  Fellows  suffer'd.  Our  Regt.  lost  more  than 
any  other  Corps  at  the  attack  of  the  Lines.  We  have  had  killed 

1  Lossing's  Pictorial  Field  Book  of  the  Revolution.     Page  119.  Vol.  1. 


THE   BLACK   WATCH   AT   TICONDEROGA  21 

and  wounded  since  the  beginning  of  the  Campaign  520  (officers 
included)  of  which  about  300  were  left  dead  on  the  field  or  have 
dyed  of  their  wounds,  and  of  37  officers  that  were  present  with  the 
Regt.  that  day  11  only  came  off  unhurt,  of  which  number  I  was 
lucky  enough  to  be  one. 

You  would  certainly  hear  before  now  of  poor  Major  Camp- 
bell Inveraw's  death,  he  liv'd  about  a  fortnight  after  he  receiv'd 
his  wound,  the  Doctors  thought  it  necessary  that  his  arm  should  br 
cut  off,  and  he  dyed  soon  after  the  operation  at  Fort  Edward,  all 
the  rest  of  our  wounded  officers  are  quite  recover'd  except  his  son, 
Sandy,  Jock  Campbell  Glendaruel,  and  Archie  Shirreff,  but  they 
are  out  of  all  danger,  only  their  cure  will  be  tedious. 

Poor  George  had  a  narrow  escape  the  day  we  landed  at  the 
French  end  of  the  Lake,  having  had  a  scratch  along  the  face  with 
a  musquet  Ball.  He  was  in  a  smart  little  action  that  happen'd  in 
the  woods  a  mounth  afterwards  between  a  detachment  of  500  of 
our  army  under  the  command  of  Major  Rogers  and  much  the  same 
number  of  Indians  French  and  Canadians,  where  the  latter  were 
repulsed  with  the  loss  of  100  men,  and  I  assure  you  his  behaviour 
at  that  affair  was  much  aplauded  by  his  Broyr.  officers  on  their 
return  to  the  Army. 

He's  now  second  oldest  Lieut,  in  General  Gage's  Regt.  of  light 
arm'd  infantry,  for  which  he's  obliged  to  the  late  Major  Campbell, 
Inveraw ;  and  as  they  talk  at  present  of  agmenting  that  corps,  he'll 
have  a  good  chance  of  getting  Higher  up,  and  in  any  event  he's 
better  off  by  being  so  High  in  that  Regt.  as  they  are  now  an 
Establish'd  Corps,  than  if  he  had  staid  in  ours,  where  he  could  be 
but  a  young  Lieut.  His  Coll.  has  a  great  regard  for  him,  and  very 
Deservedly  for  he's  a  lad  of  good  morals,  a  good  spirit  ,and  very 
fit  for  his  Business.  He  has  acted  as  Adjutant  to  that  Regt.  since 
July  last,  by  which  he  has  nothing  yet  but  Treble,  there  being  no 
Adjutant  allow'd,  and  that  his  Collonel  means  it  for  him;  if  he's 
lucky  enough  to  get  that,  I  think  he's  very  well  provided  for  for 
the  time  he  has  served. 

I  have  advanc'd  him  Twenty  Guineas  for  which  he  gave  me  a 
Bill  on  you.  I  hope  you'll  not  Disaprove  of  my  conduct  for  doing 
it,  nor  blame  him  for  running  so  much  short,  when  I  explain  to  you 
the  cause  of  it;  its  trew  he  came  over  very  well  Riged  out,  but  his 
changing  Corps  put  him  under  a  necessity  of  Buying  new  Regi- 
mentals, as  these  Differ  in  Colours  from  the  rest  of  the  Army,  being 
Brown,  besides  his  expense  must  be  greater  upon  his  first  comming 
in  among  Strangers,  and  he  had  the  misfortune  of  being  sent  a 
recruiting  last  winter,  which  really  is  a  misfortune  to  an  officer 


22  NEW  YORK   STATE   HISTORICAL  ASSOCIATION 

in  this  Country  unless  he  is  very  carfull  and  happens  to  be  suc- 
cessful, and  I  belive  George  lost  by  it.  This  I  ashure  you  is  truth, 
and  when  you  consider  it  was  owing  to  these  accidents,  that  he 
could  not  possibly  guard  against,  I  am  hopfull  you'l  easily  forgive 
him.  I  was  likewise  oblig'd  to  advance  our  tinkle  Corries'  son, 
Colin,,  Twenty  two  Pounds  eighteen  shillings  and  tenpence  or  he 
must  have  gone  naked,  having  lost  all  his  things  at  Fort  William 
Henry.  I  have  sent  both  Bills  to  Brother  Robert.  George  and 
Colin  are  sent  this  winter  a  Recruiting  to  Pehsilvania. 

I  had  a  letter  dated  the  30  Novr.  from  my  nephew,  the  Major, 
from  where  Fort  du  Quesne  stood,  he  was  then  very  well.  I  expect 
dayly  to  hear  from  him,  he's  had  as  troublesome  and  Fatigueing 
Campaign  of  it,  as  ever  any  Body  had,  our  Army  has  been  above 
a  Month  in  Winter  Quarters  befor  thers  got  to  Fort  du  Quesne, 
which  the  French  burnt  upon  ther  near  aproach,  and  an  immense 
long  march  they  have  to  get  back  to  Philadelphia,  wher  ther  Regt. 
is  .'to  be  Quarter's  this  winter,  and  where  I  intend  to  go  and  see 
him,  when  I  hear  of  ther  arrival,  its  about  100  miles  from  this 
place  that  our  Regt.  is  now  quartere'd  in. 

We  long  much  for  a  Pacquet  here  having  no  news  from  Europe 
for  some  months,  I  take  the  opportunity  of  writing  you  now  by  the 
Kennington  Man  of  War  that  carries  home  General  Abercrom- 
bie.  ***** 

There  is  no  News  here  at  Present.  All  our  Friends  in  this 
Country  are  Well.  Remember  my  best  wishes  to  my  Sister,  and  the 
rest  of  your  Family  whom  may  God  Almighty  bless  and  I  ever  am, 
Dr.  Brother,  your  affec.  and  Lov.  Broyr. 

Allan  Campbell. 

FOOT  NOTE — Some  of  the  names  in  the  two  preceding-  letters  from 
Capt.  Campbell  are  interesting  because  they  illustrate  the  Scottish  custom 
of  using  name  of  estate  rather  than  the  family  or  given  name.  This  was 
often  necessary  to  distinguish  between  several  of  same  name. 

Captain  Stratchur  is  Captain  John  Campbell  of  Stratchur,  there  are 
also  John  Campbells  of  Duneavis,  and  of  Glendaruel.  Archie  Sherreff  is 
Lieut.  Archibald  Campbell,  son  of  the  Sheriff  of  Argyle.  Duchra  is  Capt. 
Thomas  Graeme  of  Duchray.  George  and  "the  Major"  are  sons  of  John 
Campbell  of  Barcaldine — George  Campbell  was  appointed  Ensign  in  the 
42d  in  1756,  promoted  Lieut,  in  Gage's  Regiment  1757,  and  killed  at  Havana 
1762.  "The  Major"  was  Alexander  Campbell,  Major  in  the  77th  (Montgom- 
ery Highlanders).  Unkle  Corries  is  John  Campbell  of  Corries  and  his  son 
Colin  was  evidently  at  the  massacre  at  Fort  William  Henry  in  August 

1757.  Fort  du  Quesne  was  the  French  fort  at  what  Is  now  Pittsburgh. 

I  also  give  in  full  the  letter  written  by  Capt.  James  Murray 
to  his  brother,  Mr.  Murray  of  Strowan,  dated  Albany,  July  19, 

1758,  as  his  description  of  the  country  and  the  events  during  and 
after  the  battle  lend  color  to  the  picture.1 


1  Atholl  Records.     Page  438,  Vol.  3. 


THE   BLACK   WATCH   AT   TICONDEROGA  23 

"My  Dear  Brother: — The  last  letter  I  wrote  you  was  dated 
from  Fort  Edward  camp  about  18th  June.  We  proceeded  on  to 
Lake  George  where  Fort  William  Henry  formerly  stood  which  was 
taken  and  destroyed  by  the  French  last  year,  where  we  remained 
until  the  5th  curt,  and  then  the  whole  army  embarked  on  the  lake 
in  batteaux  that  hold  23  men  with  a  month's  provisions  all  the 
artillery  stores  was  likewise  embarked,  and  everything  else  belong- 
ing to  an  army.  We  were  divided  into  brigades.  There  was  in  all 
about  5,000  regulars  and  12,000  provincials.  We  had  also  light 
infantry  and  rangers  who  had  whale-boats  which  are  the  lightest 
and  best  going  boats  that  can  be  made.  We  put  off  about  8  and  got 
fairly  into  the  lake  which  I  took  to  be  about  20  miles  long  and  not 
above  two  miles  at  the  broadest  part  of  it.  There  are  several  small 
islands  which  are  quite  covered  with  wood  and  all  around  the  lake 
is  very  hilly  and  quite  covered  with  woods,  as  the  most  part  of  the 
country  is,  at  least  what  I  have  seen  on't. 

This  lake  abounds  in  fine  trout  the  meat  of  which  is  red, 
pearch,  suckers  and  several  other  sorts  of  fish.  There  is  also  plenty 
of  beavers.  On  the  side  of  the  lake  there  is  plenty  of  deer  but  I 
have  not  seen  any  since  I  came  to  the  country.  Sometimes  when 
I  have  been  out  on  command  I  have  killed  rattle  snakes  about  four 
feet  long  and  as  thick  as  the  small  of  one's  leg,  with  18  rattles, 
which  altogether  might  be  about  four  inches  long.  They  say  some 
have  twenty  or  more.  They  have  both  teeth  and  a  sting.  The 
rattles  being  at  the  tail  makes  them  that  they  can  stand  up  on  end 
and  spring  a  short  way  at  one.  When  touched  they  make  a  great 
noise  with  their  rattles.  Their  bite  is  not  so  bad  as  called  for  it 
can  be  easily  cured  with  oil  or  salt.  They  smell  exactly  like  a 
goat,  rather  ranker  if  possible  before  they  are  seized  but  afterwards 
have  almost  no  smell  at  all.  They  make  the  richest  and  best  soup 
that  can  be  which  I  eat  of  and  like  much.  The  meat  is  but  insipid. 

The  6th  we  disembarked  at  the  lower  end  of  the  lake.  In  the 
morning  out  light  infantry  and  rangers  had  some  skirmishing  with 
the  French  pickets.  Lord  Howe  was  killed  at  the  second  shot  and 
he  is  very  much  regretted.  There  was  taken  that  day  about  150 
prisoners,  five  of  whom  were  officers.  They  had  a  great  many  killed 
so  that  very  few  of  their  pickets  escaped  which  consisted  in  all 
of  about  350. 

The  next  day  being  the  7th,  we  were  making  preparations  to 
invest  a  fort  called  Theenderora  which  is  five  miles  from  Lake 
George  and  is  situate  on  a  neck  of  land  that  runs  into  Lake  Cham- 
plain.  As  to  the  dimensions  of  that  lake  I  can't  say,  and  marched 


24  NEW  YOBK   STATE  HISTORICAL  ASSOCIATION 

within  a  mile  and  half  of  it  that  evening.  The  next  morning  the 
light  infantry  made  the  French  sentries  and  small  posts  retire  to 
their  entrenchments  for  the  French  had  an  encampment  about  half 
a  cannon  shot  before  their  fort,  and  were  entrenched  after  the 
following  manner:  They  had  large  cut  trees  one  laid  above  another 
a  man's  height  and  in  the  outside  there  was  brush  and  logs  for 
about  15  paces  from  it  which  made  it  impossible  to  force  their 
breastworks  without  cannon  which  we  had  not  taken  up  that  length 
as  then.  They  were  also  under  cover  of  the  fort  or  if  we  could  beat 
them  out  of  their  trenches,  they  could  have  retired  pretty  safely. 

Between  one  and  two  we  marched  up  and  attacked  the  trenches 
and  got  within  twenty  paces  of  them  and  had  as  hot  a  fire  for  about 
three  hours  as  possibly  could  be,  we  all  the  time  seeing  but  their 
hats  and  the  end  of  their  muskets.  About  half  an  hour  before  we 
were  obliged  to  retire  I  received  a  shot  through  my  thigh  after 
which  I  stayed  a  few  minutes  but  finding  if  I  stayed  any  longer  my 
thigh  would  turn  stiff  and  losing  a  great  deal  of  blood  I  with  help 
got  into  the  road  and  that  evening  with  Capt.  Gordon  Graham,  our 
paymaster,  got  into  a  whaleboat  and  against  the  next  morning  got 
to  the  upper  end  of  Lake  George  and  was  transported  down  here. 
I  am  confined  to  my  bed  but  the  surgeons  say  my  wound  looks  as 
well  as  can  be  expected,  nor  is  there  any  sort  of  danger  in  it  as  it 
has  only  grazed  the  bone,  so  I  shall  be  well  soon  again.  I  am  in 
perfect  good  health,  have  a  good  appetite  and  sleep  tolerably  well. 

Our  regiment  has  suffered  much.  There  was  the  captain, 
lieutenant  and  six  subalterns  killed  on  the  spot  and  since  the  major 
and  the  lieutenant  have  died  of  their  wounds.  The  colonel,  four 
captains,  and  twelve  subalterns  are  wounded.  180  men  killed  and 
280  wounded.  None  of  the  other  regiments'  losses  were  near  so 
great.  Capt.  Stewart  was  not  touched,  Capt.  Sterling  nor  Farqu- 
harson  were  not  there  so  are  well,  but  Lieut.  Farquharson's  younger 
brother  was  killed.  Lieut.  David  Mills,  my  lieutenant,  is  not  ill 
wounded  and  is  pretty  well,  so  if  you  would  inform  his  father-in- 
law,  Mr.  Hamilton,  of  Hutcheson,  who  stays  near  Glasgow,  you 
would  oblige  me.  Neil  Stewart  at  Perth  knows  him. 

I  received  a  letter  from  Lord  John  15th  May  letting  me  know 
you  are  all  well  which  gave  me  a  great  deal  of  pleasure  but  it  would 
much  more  so  to  hear  from  some  of  you  for  it  is  very  long  since  I 
had  that  satisfaction,  the  last  being  at  Ireland,  for  Lord  John  wrote 
me  no  particulars. 

Offer  my  humble  duty  to  my  dear  mother  and  elsewhere  due 
and  best  love  to  dear  Lady  Charlotte,  Lady  Sinclair,  George,  Char- 
lotte and  Invercauld,  and  my  best  blessing  attend  all  the  young 


THE    BLACK    WATCH   AT   TICONDEROGA  25 

ones.    My  kind  compliments  to  Shusy  Moray  and  tell  her  I  had  her 
hair  about  my  neck  when  I  received  my  wound  which  might  have 
probably  gone  to  my  heart  if  it  had  not  been  wounded  already. 
I  am  ever  your  most  effectionate  brother, 

James  Murray. 

Thus  had  the  army  which  landed  so  proudly  two  days  before 
been  disastrously  repulsed,  with  a  loss  in  killed  and  wounded  and 
missing  of  nineteen  hundred  and  forty-four  officers  and  men.  In 
his  report  of  July  12,  1758,  Abercrombie  gives  the  casualty  of  the 
42nd  as  follows: 

"Killed — Capt.  Lt.  John  Campbell;  Lts.  George  Farquharson, 
Hugh  McPherson,  | William  Bailey,  (John  Sutherland;  Ensigns  Peter 
Stewart  and  George  Rattray. 

Wounded — Major  Duncan  Campbell;  Captains  Gordon  Gra- 
ham, Thomas  Graeme,  John  Campbell,  James  Stewart,  James  Mur- 
ray; Lieutenants  William  -Grant,  Robert  Gray,  John  Campbell, 
James  Grant,  John  Graham,  Alexander  Campbell,  Alexander  Mcln- 
tosh,  Archibald  Campbell,  David  Mill,*  Patrick  Balnevis;  Ensigns 
John  Smith  and  Peter  Grant. 

Summary — 1  major  wounded,  captains  1  killed,  4  wounded; 
lieutenants  4  killed,  11  wounded;  ensigns  2  killed,  2  wounded; 
adjutants  1  wounded;  quarter  master  1  wounded;  sergeants  6  killed, 
13  wounded,  rank  and  file  190  killed,  265  wounded." 

Stewart  of  Garth  writes  as  follows: 

"Of  these  the  42nd  regiment  had  8  officers,  9  Serjeants,  and 
297  men  killed,  and  17  officers,  10  Serjeants,  and  306  soldiers 
wounded.  The  officers  were,  Major  Duncan  Campbell  of  Inverawe, 
Captain  John  Campbell,  Lieutenants  George  Farquharson,  Hugh 
McPherson,  William  Baillie,  and  John  Sutherland;  Ensigns  Pat- 
rick Stewart  of  Bonskied  and  George  Rattray  killed;  Captains 
Gordon  Graham,  Thomas  Graham  of  Duchray,  John  Campbell  of 
Strachur,  James  Stewart  of  Urrad,  James  Murray  (afterward  Gen- 
eral) ;  Lieutenants  James  Grant,  Robert  Gray,  John  Campbell, 
William  Grant,  John  Graham,  brother  of  Duchray,  Alexander 
Campbell,  Alexander  Mackintosh,  Archibald  Campbell,  David 
Miller,  Patrick  Balneaves;  and  Ensigns  John  Smith  and  Peter 
Grant,  wounded." 


*  This  name  is  given  in  various  places  as  MILJj,  MILLS,  MILDER  and 
MILNE.     The  Duke  of  Atholl  is  authority  for  the  statement  t 
correct. 


26  NEW  YORK   STATE  HISTORICAL  ASSOCIATION 

Capt.  James  Murray  writes  from  Albany  17th  August,  1758:' 
"As  I  observed  in  my  last,  our  regiment  has  suffered  greatly.  The 
Major  has  since  died  of  his  wounds,  Sandy  Farquharson  has  got 
his  lieutenancy  by  seniority  which  one  would  not  have  thought  that 
the  youngest  ensign  of  the  additionals  would  have  been  so  soon  a 
lieutenant.  I  am  recovering  pretty  well  and  can  walk  about  al- 
though I  am  much  pained  in  my  knee  but  hope  will  be  able  to 
soon  joint  the  regiment. 

Capt.  James  Stewart  writes  14th  July  from  Lake  George:' 
"That  all  the  Captains  were  wounded,  less  or  more,  excepting 
Captains  McNeil  and  Allan  Campbell,  that  Major  Campbell  got  his 
right  arm  wounded,  but  not  dangerous  and  his  son,  Lieutenant 
Alexander  Campbell  had  his  arm  broke  betwixt  the  elbow  and 
shoulder,  but  he  was  in  a  good  way." 

Parkman  states  that  Lt.  Alexander  Campbell  was  severely 
wounded  but  reached  Scotland  alive  and  died  in  Glasgow.3 

Abercrombie  reports  to  Pitt  from  Lake  George,  Aug.  19,  1758; 
"Major  Duncan  Campbell  of  the  42nd  who  was  wounded  in  the 
arm  at  the  battle  on  the  8th  was  obliged  to  have  it  cut  off  and  died 
soon  thereafter." 

It  would  seem  therefore  that  the  wounds  of  Major  Campbell 
and  his  son  were  not  necessarily  fatal  and  that  modern  surgery 
would  have  cured  them.  The  following  however,  taken  from  Gar- 
neau's  L'Histoire  du  Canada  might  explain  the  unexpected  mor- 
tality. "Scarcely  any  of  the  wounded  Highlanders  ever  recovered 
and  even  those  sent  home  as  invalids;  their  sores  cankered,  owing 
to  the  broken  glass,  ragged  bits  of  metal,  etc.,  used  by  the  Cana- 
dians instead  of  shot."5 

Or  this  extract  from  letter  of  Brig.  General  James  Wolfe  to 
Lord  George  Sackville: 

Halifax  24"  May  1758. 

"Some  of  the  Regiments  of  this  Army  have  300  or  400  men  eat 
up  with  the  Scurvey.  All  of  them  that  are  wounded  or  hurt  by  any 
accident  run  great  risks  of  their  lives  from  the  corrupted  state  of 
the  blood." 


1.  Atholl  Records,  p.  444,  Vol.  III. 

2.  Atholl  Records,  p.  443,  Vol.  III. 

3.  Montcalm  and  Wolfe,  p.   435,  Vol.  II. 

4.  Public  Record  Office,  C.O.5.     50. 

5.  Translation  by  Bell,  page  539,  Vol.  I. 


Original  headstone  at  Grave  of  Major  Duncan  Campbell     of  Inverawe. 
(Jane  McCrea  lot  in  Union  Cemetery,  between  Fort  Fdward  and  Hudson  Falls 


THE   BLACK    WATCH   AT   TICONDEROGA  27 

"The  curious  part  of  the  barbarity  is  that  the  scoundrels  of 
Contractors  can  afford  the  fresh  meat  in  many  places  and  circum- 
stances as  cheap  as  the  salt." 

Abercrombie  states  in  his  report  of  July  12,  1758,  "I  sent  the 
wounded  officers  and  the  men  that  could  be  moved  to  Fort  Edward 
and  Albany." 

Major  Campbell  was  sent  to  Fort  Edward  and  upon  his  death 
nine  days  after  the  battle  he  was  buried  in  the  family  lot  of  the 
Gilchrists,  in  the  old  cemetery  at  Fort  Edward.  The  body  was 
moved  to  the  Gilchrist  lot  in  the  new  Union  cemetery  between 
Sandy  Hill  and  Fort  Edward  in  1871,  and  in  1920  was  moved 
again  to  the  Jane  McCrea  lot  in  the  same  cemetery.  The  original 
stone  may  still  be  seen  and  bears  the  inscription:  "Here  Lyes  the 
body  of  Duncan  Campbell  of  Inversaw,  Esqr  Major  to  The  old 
Highland  Regt.  Aged  55  Years.  Who  died  The  17th  July,  1758, 
of  wounds  he  received  in  the  attack  of  the  retrenchments  of  Ticon- 
deroga  or  Carillon,  8th  July,  1758." 

Stewart  of  Garth  says,  "The  old  Highland  Regiment  having 
suffered  so  severely  *  *  *  *  they  were  not  employed  again  that 
year." 

In  the  N.  Y.  Colonial  Records,  however,  we  find  that  some 
regulars  of  the  42nd  and  6th  Regts.  amounting  to  155  men  (prob- 
ably one  company  of  each)  were  with  Bradstreet  in  his  exposition 
against  Fort  Frontenac.1 

In  Abercrombie's  report  of  Aug.  19,  1758,  he  states  that  part 
of  the  additional  companies  of  the  42nd  were  sent  to  reinforce 
Brig.  General  Provost  at  Fort  Edward  and  that  one  company 
of  the  42nd  and  some  of  the  recovering  men  were  stationed  at 
Albany.  From  this  it  might  be  inferred  that  the  only  part  of  the 
Black  Watch  fit  for  duty  were  the  three  additional  companies  which 
had  not  been  in  the  battle  of  July  8th  and  it  is  possible  that  the 
one  company  of  the  42nd  that  had  been  blown  out  of  its  course  to 
Antigua  and  had  not  arrived  at  New  York  until  June  did  not  get 
further  north  than  Albany.  The  winter  quarters  of  the  42nd  for 
1758  were  at  New  York.  (Abercrombie  to  Pitt,  No.  25,  1758. )' 

The  official  title  is  now  changed  to  the  "42nd  or  Royal  Regi- 


1.  N.  Y.  Col.  manuscript  O'Callagfhan's,  p.  827,   Vol.  10. 

2.  Public  Record  Office  C.  O.  5:     50. 


28  NEW  YORK   STATE  HISTORICAL  ASSOCIATION 

ment  of  foot,"  and  the  regiment  is  commonly  called  the  Royal 
Highlanders.  It  has  erroneously  been  stated  that  the  Black  Watch 
was  granted  this  honor  of  being  a  "Royal"  regiment  because  of  its 
gallantry  at  Ticonderoga,  but  it  is  all  the  more  to  its  credit  that  it 
had  earned  this  distinction  before  the  battle  at  Ticonderoga.  The 
title  was  granted  by  special  warrant  dated  July  22,  1758,  while  the 
news  of  the  defeat  did  not  reach  London  until  the  arrival  of 
Abercrombie's  aid  de  camp  with  dispatches  Aug.  20,  1758. 

A  copy  of  the  warrant  is  as  follows: 
George  R 

We  being  desirous  to  distinguish  Our  Forty  Second  Regiment 
of  Foot  with  some  mark  of  Our  Royal  favor,  Our  Will  and  Pleas- 
ure therefore  is,  and  we  do  hereby  direct,  that  from  henceforth 
Our  said  regiment  be  called,  and  distinguished  by  the  title  and 
name  of  Our  Forty-Second,  or  Royal  Highland  Regiment  of  Foot, 
in  all  commissions,  orders,  and  writings,  that  shall  hereafter  be 
made  out,  or  issued  for  and  concerning  the  said  regiment.  Given 
at  Our  Court  at  Kensington  this  22nd  day  of  July  1758,  in  the 
thirty  second  year  of  Our  reign.  By  His  Majesty's  command. 

(Signed)        BARRINGTON. 

The  vacancies  occasioned  in  the  42nd  were  filled  up  in  regular 
succession  and  the  seven  companies  which  had  been  ordered  at  the 
same  time  as  the  change  of  title  were  immediately  recruited.  These 
were  completed  in  three  months  and  embodied  at  Perth,  October 
1758,  each  company  being  120  men  strong,  all  with  few  exceptions 
Highlanders  and  hardy  and  temperate  in  their  habits.  (Lord  John 
Murray's  orders  were  preemptory  that  none  but  Highlanders  be 
taken,  but  a  few  O'Donnels,  O'Lachlans  and  O'Briens  passed  muster 
as  Mac  Donnels,  MacLachlans  and  Mac  Briars.) 

These  seven  companies  with  the  three  additional  companies 
raised  in  1757  were  formed  into  a  Second  Battalion.  The  officers 
appointed  to  the  seven  new  companies  were  Robert  Anstruther, 
who  was  senior  captain  and  served  as  Major,  Francis  MacLean, 
Alexander  Sinclair,  John  Stewart  of  Stenton,  William  Murray  of 
Lintrose,  Archibald  Campbell,  Alexander  Reid,  and  Robert  Arbuth- 
not,  to  be  captains;  Alexander  MacLean,  George  Grant,  George 
Sinclair,  Gordon  Clunes,  Adam  Stewart,  John  Robertson,  son  of 
Lude,  John  Grant,  James  Fraser,  George  Leslie,  John  Campbell* 


THE    BLACK    WATCH    AT    TICONDEROGA  29 

Alexander  Stewart,  Duncan  Richardson  and  Robert  Robertson,  to 
be  lieutenants  and  Patrick  Sinclair,  John  Macintosh,  James  Mac- 
Duff,  Thomas  Fletcher,  Alexander  Donaldson,  William  MacLean, 
and  William  Brown,  to  be  ensigns. 

The  seven  new  companies  embarked  for  the  West  Indies  where 
they  joined  with  the  Old  Bluffs,  Kings,  6th,  63rd,  64th,  800  marines 
and  a  detachment  of  artillery  amounting  in  all  to  5,560  men  un- 
der the  command  of  Major  Generals  Hopson  and  Barrington  and 
of  Brigadier  Generals  Haldane,  Armiger,  Trapaud  and  Clavering, 
in  an  exposition  against  Martinique  and  Gaudaloupe.  This  resulted 
in  the  capture  of  Gaudaloupe  but  was  not  altogether  a  success 
and  a  great  many  men  were  lost  by  fever  and  sickness.  Of  the 
Royal  Highlanders  Ensign  MacLean  was  killed,  Lieutenants  Mac- 
Lean,  Leslie,  Sinclair  and  Robertson  were  wounded,  and  Major 
Anstruther  and  Captain  Arbuthnot  died  of  the  fever.  One  hundred 
and  six  privates  were  killed,  wounded  or  died  of  disease. 

This  was  a  severe  initiation  for  the  new  recruits  who  had  been 
herding  sheep  on  their  native  hills  nine  months  before,  but  as  has 
always  been  the  case  with  the  Black  Watch  they  acquitted  them- 
selves with  distinction.  The  seven  companies  were  then  embarked 
for  New  York  to  join  the  First  Battalion  where  they  arrived  in 
July.  They  just  missed  being  at  the  capture  of  Ticonderoga.  Major 
Gordon  Graham  was  ordered  at  the  end  of  July  by  General  Am- 
herst  then  at  Crown  Point  to  take  command  of  the  seven  companies 
and  to  march  them  up  to  Oswego.  In  August  they  were  ordered  to 
join  the  First  Battalion,  Capt.  Stewart  with  150  men  being  left  at 
Oswego  and  the  First  and  Second  Battalions,  now  united,  served 
together  for  the  rest  of  the  campaign. 

We  will  now  return  to  the  Veterans  of  the  previous  year. 
After  wintering  in  New  York  (or  on  Long  Island,  as  another 
authority  states)  the  old  Black  Watch  now  the  first  Battalion  of 
the  Royal  Highlanders,  recruited  again  to  its  full  strength  and  the 
three  additional  companies  now  a  part  of  the  Second  Battalion, 
joined  Amherst  at  Fort  Edward  in  Jnne,  1759.*  Col.  Grant  of  the 
42nd  with  the  Royal  Highlanders  and  light  infantry  of  the  army 

•  See  Appendix  for  extracts  from  Commissary  Wilsons  Orderly  Book 
for  record  of  daily  service  of  Black  Watch  in  Ticonderoga  and  Crown  Point 
campaign. 


30  NEW  YORK  STATE  HISTORICAL  ASSOCIATION 

moved  forward  to  Lake  George  the  20th  and  the  main  part  of  the 
army  followed  on  the  21st.  For  five  years  now  Lake  George  had 
been  the  annual  mustering  place  of  armies. 

The  campaign  this  season  comprehended  three  very  important 
enterprises — Wolfe  was  to  attack  Quebec  from  Lower  Canada, 
Prideaux  was  to  proceed  against  Niagara,  and  Amherst,  now  Com- 
mander in  Chief  and  successor  of  General  Abercrombie,  was  to 
drive  the  French  from  Lake  Champlain  and  if  possible  join  Wolfe 
on  the  St.  Lawrence. 

The  army  under  Amherst  consisted  of  the  Royals,  17th,  27th, 
Royal  Highlanders,  two  battalions  of  the  55th,  Montgomery's 
Highlanders,  nine  battalions  of  Provincials,  and  a  battalion  of 
light  infantry  and  a  body  of  Rangers  and  Indians  with  a  detach- 
ment of  artillery.  When  joined  by  the  2d  battalion  of  the  Royal 
Americans  from  the  West  Indies,  this  army  amounted  to  14,500 
men. 

Major  Alexander  Campbell  of  the  77th  writes  from  Fort 
Edward,  June  19th,  1759: 

"Our  General  is  beloved  by  his  soldiers,  Honoured  and  Esteem'd 
by  his  officers,  Carful  of  mens  lives  and  healths,  in  short  he  is  the 
man  I  would  choose  to  serve  under  of  any  I  know  in  the  service. 
Our  Regiment  are  healthy  and  in  High  spirits  as  are  the  whole 
army,  and  I  hope  we  soon  will  stricke  a  stroke  that  will  bring 
credite  and  Glory  to  our  General  and  Army  and  Satisfaction  to 
our  Country  and  friends." 

Amherst  never  remained  long  in  one  place  without  building  a 
fort.  Fortified  places  were  built  at  intervals  of  three  or  four 
miles  along  the  road  to  Fort  Edward  and  especially  at  the  station 
called  Halfway  Brook,  while  for  the  whole  distance  a  broad  belt 
of  wood  on  both  sides  was  cut  down  and  burned  to  deprive  a 
skulking  enemy  of  cover.  At  Lake  George  he  started  a  fort,  now 
called  Fort  George,  the  ruins  of  which  are  in  the  Lake  George 
Battle  Ground  Park  of  which  this  Association  is  custodian. 

July  21st,  1759,  Lake  George  again  witnessed  a  military 
pageant  as  the  army  embarked  for  its  second  attack  on  Fort  Ticon- 
deroga.  At  daylight  they  landed,  beat  back  a  French  detachment 


THE    BLACK    WATCH    AT    TICONDEROGA  31 

and  marched  by  the  portage  road  to  the  sawmill.  There  was  little 
resistance  and  the  army  marched  to  the  former  line  of  entrench- 
ments which  had  proved  so  fatal  to  Abercrombie.  These  had  been 
reconstructed  partly  of  earth  and  partly  of  logs,  and  as  the  French 
made  no  attempt  at  their  defence  the  English  encamped  along  their 
front  and  found  them  excellent  shelter  from  the  cannon  of  the  fort. 
It  is  the  general  impression  that  the  French  retreated  with  only 
faint  resistance  and  that  there  was  hardly  a  shot  fired  at  the 
second  attempt  to  capture  Fort  Carrillon  but  the  following  letter 
from  Capt.  Murray  would  correct  this  impression: 

"Camp  at  the  Lines  of  Burning  Theanderoga,  27  July,  1758. 

My  Dear  Brother: — I  write  you  these  few  lines  to  acquaint  you 
that  I  am  in  perfect  good  health  and  that  the  army  landed  at  this 
end  of  the  lake  the  22nd,  invested  the  Fort  the  23rd  and  was  very 
buisy  carying  on  the  worcks  till  the  26th  in  the  night,  at  which  time 
we  had  three  batteries  ready  to  open,  when  the  enemy  abbandoned 
and  set  fire  to  the  fort.  During  the  time  that  the  enemy  remained 
they  could  not  keep  a  hotter  fire,  for  I  dare  say  that  fired  ten 
thousand  cannon  shott  and  five  hundred  bombs  and  I  don't  believe 
there  has  been  forty  men  killed  and  wounded  during  that  hott  fire, 
altho'  all  the  Bombs  fell  in  different  parts  among  us  and  that  we 
were  nigh  point  blank  of  the  cannon  shott  but  the  line  that  had 
been  of  so  much  hurt  to  us  last  year  saved  our  men  this. 

Your  most  afft.  Brother,  James  Murray." 

I  also  add  Amherst's  report  to  Governor  James  DeLancey: 

Camp  at  Ticonderoga  27th  July  175§. 

Sir:— 

On  Saturday  morning  last  I  embarked  with  the  army  at  Lake 
George,  the  next  day  landed  without  opposition  and  proceeded  to 
the  saw  mills,  and  took  post  on  the  commanding  grounds,  meeting 
only  a  trifling  opposition  from  the  enemy.  We  lay  on  our  arms  all 
night  and  early  on  the  23rd  we  continued  our  march  to  the  ground 
which  I  took  possession  of  in  the  forenoon,  the  enemy  having 
abandoned  the  lines  without  destroying  them,  first  having  carried 
off  their  effects  as  well  as  sent  away  the  greatest  part  of  their 
troops.  As  soon  as  I  was  set  down  before  the  place  and  after  having 
reconnoitered  it,  I  ordered  the  trenches  to  be  opened  and  batteries 
to  be  made,  which  were  finished  last  night,  and  were  to  have  opened 
at  break  of  day,  but  the  enemy  did  not  think  proper  to  wait  till 
then,  having  about  ten  of  the  clock  yesterday  evening  blown  up  a 

Atholl  Record,  p.  452,  Vol.  III. 


32  NEW  YORK   STATE   HISTORICAL  ASSOCIATION 

part  of  the  Fort,  and  made  their  escape  all  to  about  20  deserters. 
Our  loss  considering  the  fire  we  sustained  is  inconsiderable.  We 
have  only  two  officers  killed,  vis.  Colonel  Townshend,  Deputy  Adju- 
tant General  and  Ensign  Harrison  of  late  Forbe's. 

Bourlamaque  had  on  receipt  of  orders  from  Vandreuil  retired 
down  Lake  Champlain  leaving  four  hundred  men  under  Hebecourt 
to  defend  the  fort  as  long  as  possible  and  then  to  abandon  Ticon- 
deroga  and  later  when  pressed  Crown  Point  and  to  retreat  to  Isle- 
oux-Noix  at  the  outlet  of  Lake  Champlain,  where  defense  was  to  be 
made  to  the  last  extremity.  When  the  English  battery  was  ready 
to  open  fire  Hebecourt  saw  that  further  resistance  was  useless  and 
lighting  a  slow  match  to  the  magazine  the  French  escaped  down  the 
lake  in  their  boats  and  a  few  hours  later  an  explosion  which  hurled 
one  bastion  of  old  Fort  Carrillon  skyward  shook  the  promontory. 
Thus  did  French  Carillon  become  English  Ticonderoga  and  "Ticon- 
deroga  1758-9"  should  be  among  the  battle  honors  to  be  borne  on 
the  colors  of  the  Black  Watch.  It  is  true  that  these  honorary 
distinctions  are  awarded  by  the  King  only  in  case  of  victory  but 
Ticonderoga  1758-9  would  certainly  be  as  much  a  victory  as  "South 
Africa  1899-1902,"  which  has  been  granted.  South  Africa  was  not 
all  victory  and  the  Black  Watch  suffered  at  Magersfontein  as  it 
did  at  Ticonderoga  under  Abercrombie. 

The  length  of  time  elapsed  since  the  battle  would  also  be  no 
objection  to  the  honor  being  now  granted  as  it  was  not  until  1910, 
two  and  one  half  centuries  later  that  the  armies  that  upheld 
British  honor  on  the  Coast  of  Morocco  were  authorized  to  bear 
"Tangier  1662-1680"  on  their  colors  and  appointments. 

Ticonderoga  is  the  one  place  on  the  American  continent  where 
Great  Britain  and  France,  Canada  and  the  United  States  can  all 
unite  on  one  common  ground.  The  Yankees  and  British  can  meet 
here  and  clasp  hands  over  the  time  when  they  once  fought  together 
and  there  is  not  even  a  sectional  feeling  which  detracts  from  the 
unanimity.  The  North,  South,  East  and  West  of  the  United  States 
all  join  with  equal  fervor.  Each  nation  had  its  defeats  here  at 
different  times  but  each  also  had  its  victories.  Therefore  there 
is  no  battle  honor  which  could  be  conferred  on  any  British  regiment 
that  would  please  more  people  of  different  nations  than  "Ticon- 


THE   BLACK   WATCH   AT   TICONDEBOGA  33 

deroga  1758-9."  The  fact  that  there  is  at  present  in  the  village  of 
Ticonderoga  a  public  library  and  historical  building  dedicated  to 
a  British  Regiment,  even  though  this  same  regiment  in  its  line  of 
duty  fought  against  us  in  a  later  war,  is  sufficient  proof  that  we 
consider  Ticonderoga  of  international  history  and  above  matters 
of  local  prejudice. 

The  rest  of  the  story  is  soon  told.  Crown  Point  was  captured 
and  the  army  was  to  have  moved  forward  to  Isle  oux-Noix  and  to 
the  St.  Lawrence  but  a  succession  of  storms  so  delayed  operations 
that  further  active  movements  were  abandoned  for  the  remainder 
of  the  season.  Amherst  profiting  by  the  fatal  precipitation  of  his 
predecessor  was  slow  but  sure  and  in  this  campaign  was  successful 
in  every  enterprise  that  he  undertook. 

After  the  capture  of  Crown  Point  the  army  under  Amherst 
was  mainly  employed  in  building  operations  on  Lake  Champlain, 
Fort  Amherst  at  Crown  Point  and  Fort  Ticonderoga  in  place  of 
old  Fort  Carrillon  at  Ticonderoga.  The  Black  Watch  was  stationed 
at  Crown  Point  and  helped  to  build  Fort  Amherst.  In  November, 
they  went  into  camp  for  the  winter  and  in  his  report  of  "Garrisons 
and  Winter  Quarters  of  His  Majesty's  forces  in  North  America 
under  the  command  of  His  Excellency,  Major  General  Amherst, 
Headquarters  at  New  York,  15  Dec.,  1759"  in  the  Public  Record 
Office,  the  stations  of  the  Black  Watch  were  as  follows:  1st 
Battalion  Royal  Highland  Regiment,  1  company  Halfway  Brook, 
5  companies  Fort  Edward,  1  company  Fort  Miller,  1  company 
Saratoga,  1  company  Stillwater  and  1  company  Halfmoon,  2d 
Battalion  Royal  Highland  Regiment,  Albany,  one  Battalion  of 
the  Inniskilling  (27th  Foot)  and  two  companies  of  the  Rangers 
were  left  at  Crown  Point,  six  companies  Late  Brig.  Gen'l  Forbe's 
(17th  Foot)  at  Ticonderoga,  and  four  companies  17th  Foot  at  Fort 
George.  The  following  season  (1760)  the  Black  Watch  was  with 
Amherst  at  the  capture  of  Montreal  which  was  the  end  of  the 
French  domain  on  the  American  Continent. 

lir 

In  1761  the  Black  Watch  with  ten  regiments  embarked  for 
Barbadoes  there  to  join  an  armament  against  Martinique  and 
Havana.  After  the  surrender  of  Havana,  the  first  battalion  of  the 
42nd  and  Montgomery's  Highlanders  embarked  for  New  York 


34  NEW  YORK  STATE  HISTORICAL  ASSOCIATION 

which  they  reached  in  the  end  of  October,  1762.  Before  leaving 
Cuba  most  of  the  second  battalion  of  the  42nd  fit  for  service  were 
consolidated  with  the  first,  and  the  remainder  shipped  to  Scotland 
where  they  were  reduced  the  following  year. 

The  Black  Watch  was  stationed  at  Albany  until  the  summer 
of  1763,  when  they,  with  a  detachment  of  Montgomery's  High- 
landers and  another  of  the  60th,  under  command  of  Col.  Henry 
Boquet  were  sent  to  the  relief  of  Fort  Pitt  then  besieged  by  the 
Indians.  The  42nd  passed  the  winter  at  Fort  Pitt  and  during  the 
summer  of  1764,  eight  companies  were  sent  with  the  army  of 
Boquet  against  the  Ohio  Indians.  After  subduing  the  Indians 
they  returned  to  Fort  Pitt,  January  1765.  The  regiment  remained 
in  Pennsylvania  until  the  month  of  July,  1767,  when  it  embarked 
at  Philadalphia  for  Ireland.  Such  of  the  men  who  preferred  to 
remain  in  America  were  permitted  to  join  other  regiments.  These 
volunteers  were  so  numerous  that  along  with  those  who  had  been 
previously  sent  home  disabled  and  others  discharged  and  settled  in 
America,  the  regiment  that  returned  was  very  small  in  proportion 
to  that  which  had  left  Scotland. 

Let  us  now  turn  our  attention  to  Major  Duncan  Campbell  as 
not  only  would  no  sketch  of  the  Black  Watch  of  Ticonderoga  be 
complete  without  the  legend  with  which  his  name  is  associated,  but 
we  are  perhaps  more  interested  in  him  than  any  other  officer  of 
the  Regiment  of  that  time  because  he  lies  buried  in  the  cemetry 
midway  between  Hudson  Falls  (formerly  Sandy  Hill)  and  Fort 
Edward.  The  other  officers  and  men  who  were  killed  July  8,  1758, 
were  doubtless  buried  on  the  field  of  battle  and  if  the  graves  were 
ever  marked,  these  marks  have  long  since  been  destroyed. 

No  ghost  story  is  more  widely  known  or  better  authenticated 
than  that  of  Duncan  Campbell  of  Inverawe.  It  has  been  made  the 
subject  of  an  address  before  this  Association  by  the  late  Robert  O. 
Bascom  at  the  meeting  of  July  30,  1901,  and  has  been  repeated  in 
many  forms  and  in  various  publications  but  it  will  bear  still  one 
more  repetition.  The  following  is  taken  from  Parkman's  "Montcalm 
and  Wolfe"  and  is  the  story  as  was  told  by  Dean  Stanley  and 
endorsed  by  the  family  of  the  hero  of  the  tale: 


AT  INVERAWE 

Old  Inverawe  House  from  the  River  Awe  with  Ben  Cruachan  in  the 
background. 

View  from  the  West.    X  marks  the  window  of  the  Ghost  Room. 
Bridge  over  the  Awe  built  by  Captain  William  Piman  about  1756 


THE   BLACK    WATCH    AT   TICONDEROGA  35 

"The  ancient  castle  of  Inverawe  stands  by  the  banks  of  the 
Awe,  in  the  midst  of  the  wild  and  picturesque  scenery  of  the  West- 
tern  Highlands.  Late  one  evening,  before  the  middle  of  the  last 
century,  as  the  laird,  Duncan  Campbell,  sat  alone  in  the  old  hall, 
there  was  a  loud  knocking  at  the  gate;  and,  opening  it,  he  saw  a 
stranger,  with  torn  clothing  and  kilt  besmeared  with  blood,  who  in 
a  breathless  voice  begged  for  asylum.  He  went  on  to  say  that  he 
had  killed  a  man  in  a  fray,  and  that  the  pursuers  were  at  his  heels. 
Campbell  promised  to  shelter  him.  "Swear  on  your  dirk!"*  said 
the  stranger;  and  Campbell  swore.  He  then  led  him  to  a  secret 
recess  in,  the  depths  of  the  castle.  Scarcely  was  he  hidden  when 
again  there  was  a  loud  knocking  at  the  gate,  and  two  armed  men 
appeared.  "Your  cousin  Donald  has  been  murdered,  and  we  are 
looking  for  the  murderer!"  Campbell,  remembering  his  oath,  pro- 
fessed to  have  no  knowlodge  of  the  fugitive;  and  the  men  went  on 
their  way.  The  laird,  in  great  agitation,  lay  down  to  rest  in  a  large 
dark  room  where  at  length  he  fell  asleep.  Waking  suddenly  in 
bewilderment  and  terror,  he  saw  the  ghost  of  the  murdered  Donald 
standing  by  his  bedside,  and  heard  a  hollow  voice  pronounce  the 
words:  "Inverawe!  Inverawe!  blood  has  been  shed.  Shield  not  the 
murderer."  In  the  morning  Campbell  went  to  the  hiding  place 
of  the  guilty  man  and  told  him  that  he  could  harbor  him  no  longer. 
"You  have  sworn  on  your  dirk"  he  replied;  and  the  laird  of  In- 
verawe, greatly  perplexed  and  troubled,  made  a  compromise  be- 
tween conflicting  duties,  promised  not  to  betray  his  guest,  led  him 
to  the  neighboring  mountain  (Ben  Cruachan)  and  hid  him  in  a  cave. 

In  the  next  night,  as  he  lay  tossing  in  feverish  slumbers,  the 
same  stern  voice  awoke  him,  the  ghost  of  his  cousin  Donald  stood 
again  at  his  bedside,  and  again  he  heard  the  same  appalling  words: 
"Inverawe!  Inverawe!  blood  has  been  shed.  Shield  not  the  mur- 
derer!" At  break  of  day  he  hastened,  in  strange  agitation,  to  the 
cave;  but  it  was  empty,  the  stranger  had  gone.  At  night,  as  he 
strove  in  vain  to  sleep,  the  vision  appeared  once  more,  ghastly  pale, 


*  The  oath  of  the  Campbells  of  Inverawe  was  by  Ben  Cruachan. 

Bibliography  of  the  Legend  of  Duncan  Campbell  of  Inverawe. 

A.    P.    Stanley,    "Inverawe    and    Ticonderoga,"    Eraser's    Magazine,    <- 
1880 

'Robert  Louis   Stevenson,  poem   on  "Ticonderoga,"   Scribner's  Magazine, 
December,  1887. 

Francis  Parkman,  Appendix  G.     "Montcalm  and  Wolfe,"  and  "Historical 
Handbook  of  the  Northern  Tour,"  Boston,  1885.  _.  ,    TT 

Robert  O.   Bascom,   "New   York  State  Historical  Proceedings,     vol.   11., 
"Fort  Edward  Book,"  pages  80-88. 

C.  F.  Gordon  Gumming  in  the  Atlantic  Monthly,  September,  1884. 

W.  Max  Reid,  "Lake  George  and  Lake  Champlam 

Sir  Thomas  Dick  Lauder,  "Tales  of  the  Highlands. 

Winsor's  Critical  and  Narrative  History  of  the  United  btates 

Lord  Archibald  Campbell,  "Records  of  Argyle, "  William  Blackwood  & 
Sons,   1885. 

"The  Magazine  of  History,"  July,  1906. 

"Book  of  Dreams  and  Ghosts,"  Longman's,  1897. 


36  NEW  YORK  STATE  HISTORICAL  ASSOCIATION 

but  lees  stern  of  aspect  than  before.    "Farewell,  Inverawe!"  it  said; 
"Farewell,  till  we  meet  at  TICONDEROGA!" 

The  strange  name  dwelt  in  Campbell's  memory.  He  had 
joined  the  Black  Watch,  or  Forty-Second  Regiment,  then  employed 
in  keeping  order  in  the  turbulent  Highlands.  In  time  he  became 
its  major;  and,  a  year  or  two  after  the  war  broke  out,  he  went  with 
it  to  America.  Here,  to  his  horror,  he  learned  that  it  was  ordered 
to  the  attack  of  Ticonderoga.  His  story  was  well  known  among 
his  brother  officers.  They  combined  among  themselves  to  disarm 
his  fears;  and  when  they  reached  the  fatal  spot  they  told  him  on 
the  eve  of  the  battle,  "This  is  not  Ticonderoga;  we  are  not  there 
yet;  this  is  Fort  George."1  But  in  the  morning  he  came  to  them 
with  haggard  looks.  "I  have  seen  him!  You  have  deceived  me! 
He  came  to  my  tent  last  night!  This  is  Ticonderoga!  I  shall  die 
today!"  and  his  prediction  was  fulfilled." 

As  will  be  seen  by  the  preceding  pages,  Inverawe  lived  nine 
days  after  the  battle  and  was  not  even  mortally  wounded  if  it  had 
been  possible  in  those  times  to  have  had  antiseptic  treatment,  but 
the  real  point  of  the  legend  is  that  he  had  been  warned  of  Ticon- 
deroga when  he  did  not  know  there  was  such  a  place,  years  before 
there  was  any  prospect  of  his  being  sent  there  and  when  Ticonder- 
oga was  only  the  Indian  name  for  a  point  of  land  on  a  lake  in  the 
wilderness  of  a  far  off  continent. 

To  one  interested  no  place  could  be  more  fascinating  than  old 
Inverawe2  everything  connected  with  it  breathes  of  legend  and 
romance  and  naturally  this  was  one  of  the  first  places  visited  in 
our  Black  Watch  pilgrimage  last  summer.  Taynuilt,  the  railroad 
station  nearest  Inverawe  is  a  small  village  across  the  Awe  and 
about  a  mile  away  as  the  crow  flies,  but  to  drive  to  our  destination, 
one  must  follow  the  road  two  miles  up  the  River  to  the  old  bridge 
which  was  being  built  at  the  time  that  the  Major  left  for  the  war 
in  America  in  1756.  The  builder  was  Captain  William  Pitman 
apparently  a  good  friend  of  Duncan  of  Inverawe  as  he  charged  him 
with  the  safe  keeping  during  his  absence  of  his  daughter  Janet  and 
his  favorite  dog.  History  does  not  record  what  happened  to  the 
dog  but  the  Captain  married  the  daughter  and  in  time  Inverawe 
became  her  property. 


1.  More  probably  Fort  Carrillon. 

2.  Inver  means  "the  mouth  of,"  therefore  the  mouth  of  the  River  Awe. 


b 

g 

.a 

3 


THE   BLACK    WATCH    AT    TICONDEEOGA  37 

After  crossing  the  Awe  the  road  turns  down  the  north  side  of 
the  River  and  winds  through  a  magnificent  park,  some  of  the  trees 
of  which  must  certainly  have  been  there  before  the  Major's  time. 
This  is  all  the  more  remarkable  because  with  the  exception  of  the 
parks  of  the  private  estates,  Scotland  is  nearly  a  treeless  country 
and  even  the  mountains  and  wild  land  which  with  us  would  be 
covered  with  forests,  have  there  only  grass  and  heather.  Then  at  the 
end  of  a  delightful  four  mile  drive  was  old  Inverawe  house  and  a 
most  cordial  and  hospitable  welcome  from  its  present  owner. 

The  old  house  has  had  many  additions  in  the  past  one  hundred 
and  fifty  years  but  the  entrance  hall  and  the  main  part  of  the 
building  and  particularly  the  room  where  Duncan  Campbell  saw 
the  ghost,  are  still  very  much  as  they  were  in  his  time.  We  en- 
deavored to  learn  as  much  as  possible  of  the  family  history  of  the 
Campbells  of  Inverawe,  but  like  the  records  of  the  Black  Watch 
of  that  time,  there  was  in  1910,  little  left  but  tradition. 

The  Campbells  of  Inverawe 

Twenty  years  have  passed  since  the  account  of  the  Black 
Watch  at  Ticonderoga  as  written  for  the  1910  meeting  of  the  New 
York  State  Historical  Association  was  published,  and  while  we 
regret  that  very  little  can  be  added,  we  are  pleased  to  say  that 
few  corrections  have  had  to  be  made  in  the  story  as  then  told. 
It  was  thought  that  the  records  of  the  Regiment  of  the  18th  Cen- 
tury were  discovered  in  1913  among  the  military  manuscripts  in 
the  Royal  United  Service  Institution,  but  while  they  purported 
to  be  the  original  records,  careful  examination  disclosed  that  they 
had  been  written  early  in  the  nineteenth  century  so  nothing  new 
was  learned  of  the  Regiment  of  the  Ticonderoga  period.  The  pre- 
ceding pages  therefore  are  practically  unchanged. 

The  part,  however,  about  the  family  history  of  Major  Duncan 
Campbell  of  Inverawe  has  been  entirely  rewritten.  We  are  in- 
debted for  this  additional  information  to  the  descendants  of  Alex- 
ander, a  brother  of  Duncan  of  Inverawe,  to  the  late  Major  Sir 
Duncan  Campbell  of  Barcaldine,  to  the  late  Captain  Douglas 
Wimberly,  and  others.  No  one  feature  of  the  Black  Watch  at 
Ticonderoga  has  been  of  such  general  interest  as  the  ghost  story 
of  its  Major,  Duncan  Campbell  of  Inverawe,  and  the  straightening 


38  NEW  YORK   STATE   HISTORICAL  ASSOCIATION 

out  of  the  family  puzzle  which  was  such  a  mystery  in  1910  has 
been  a  fascinating  study. 

The  Major's  memory  has  been  honored  recently  by  two  cele- 
brations. In  1920  when  his  bones  were  moved  to  the  Jane  McCrea 
enclosure,  just  inside  the  main  gate  of  the  Union  Cemetery  between 
Hudson  Falls  and  Fort  Edward,  where  his  ancient  tombstone  now 
has  the  protection  of  a  high  iron  fence,  and  in  1925  when  a  monu- 
ment to  the  Black  Watch  and  its  Major  was  unveiled  at  Fort 
Ticonderoga.  Both  occasions  were  under  the  auspices  of  the  St. 
Andrews  Society  of  Scots  of  Glens  Falls  and  vicinity,  and  the  New 
York  State  Historical  Association. 

Of  all  the  new  material  which  has  been  found  since  1910  none 
is  so  important  or  so  interesting  as  the  following  letter  from  Major 
Duncan  Campbell  of  Inverawe: 

Albany,  14th  March,  1758. 
Dear  Sir, 

I  received  your  letter  from  Inveraw  of  the  25th  November  and 
the  first  from  you  since  we  parted,  tho  I  have  been  informed  by 
letters  that  come  to  hand,  of  your  writing  formerly.  The  State  you 
sent  me  of  my  affairs  is  not  very  agreeable  nor  encouraging  for 
me  to  make  a  retreat  that  I  had  in  view,  and  in  a  little  time  I 
believe  might  be  in  my  power  but  I  am  not  disappointed;  and 
notwithstanding  I  shall  do  all  in  my  power  to  assist  you.  I  am 
sorry  that  no  other  scheme  of  living  can  be  accomplished  upon 
the  fund,  than  the  one  fixed  on;  to  me  it  gives  uneasinefs  of  minde, 
tho  I'm  sensible  the  consequence  may  be  worse  if  it  is  not  followed, 
and  therefore  bear  it  with  concern.  I  don't  choose  to  mention  my 
reasons  or  enter  upon  particulars  as  letters  from  this  part  of  the 
world  to  yours  are  lyable  to  inspection  and  many  accidents.  I 
see  a  separation  must  be  that  will  expose  them  to  the  disrespect 
and  ridicule  of  many;  coud  they  live  together  in  the  way  proposed 
it  might  prevent  much  of  that  but  I  can't  hope  or  expect  it  from 
what  I  know. 

As  to  my  advice  or  directions  with  regard  to  any  plan  you, 
and  my  other  freinds,  to  whom  I  fear  I  have  given  much  trouble 
and  to  whom  in  any  event  I  shall  rekon  myself  oblig'd  there  is  no 
sort  of  use  for  them,  you  are  best  judges,  and  as  I  am  well  satisfied 
that  everything  will  be  don  and  ordered  for  the  best,  I  shall  be 
as  satisfied  with  any  consequence.  I  am  glade  you  think  of  raising 
nurseries  and  planting,  I  sent  from  this  Country  to  be  forwarded 
by  Mr.  Gatty  from  Belfast  two  Barrels  of  the  different  kindes  of 


M)  -H 

3  a 

5  « 

.S  w 

1  5 

s  S? 

I  I 

0>  rH 

cc  8 
o 

ri  O 


xj        a; 
o        a, 


O  g» 

W  "S 


THE    BLACK    WATCH    AT   TICONDEROGA  39 

Timber  tree  seeds  &c.  but  I  doubt  they  will  be  too  late  excepting 
the  Pines  which  seed  will  do  when  two  year  old. 

Your  letter  came  a  few  days  ago  by  an  advice  Ship  of  War, 
which  superceeded  My  Lord  Loudoun  in  the  Command  and  General 
Abercrombie  appointed  in  his  place,  with  many  other  changes  and 
promotions  in  our  Military  affairs  in  this  Continent,  how  far  they 
may  change  our  Luck  I  shall  not  pretend  to  judge,  but  we  have 
need  of  some  sort  of  medicine  for  that  end.  We  have  a  prospect 
of  a  very  warm  and  vigorous  campaign,  and  I  hope  it  will  be  suc- 
cefsful.  Our  Regiment  is  appointed  for  the  Lewisburgh  Expedition, 
but  as  we  are  so  far  up  in  the  Country  where  the  Generall  is  to 
have  his  department  and  opperations  it  is  yet  uncertain  but  he  may 
keep  us  with  him;  we  are  all  in  very  good  health  and  compleat  for 
service. 

I  cannot  yet  know  what  remittance  I  can  make  for  this  year, 
some  I  will  and  shall,  sometime  before  we  take  the  field  or  the 
midle  of  May.  To  prevent  a  relaps  of  my  last  years  companion 
I  travelled  to  the  Southard  during  the  severity  of  the  winter  to  N. 
York  and  Philadelfia  &c.  which  have  had  the  desyrd  effect  and 
I'm  now  as  chois  as  ever,  but  it  will  not  enlarge  the  remittance. 

I  have  had  no  letter  from  Sandy  Campbell  since  Aprile  last, 
Nor  from  Jesie  since  July,  I  received  one  from  Mr.  Richardson 
with  yours  which  I  shall  answer  by  next  Pacquett  and  tell  him  so 
with  my  compliments.  Lykways  please  tell  Peter  Campbell  that 
his  letter  came  at  the  same  time,  and  that  as  Adam  Fisher  is  here 
I  had  ane  opportunity  of  enquiring  about  his  son  who  is  at  present 
out  as  master,  not  Capt.  of  a  Privateer  there  was  no  such  prizes 
or  Fortoune  as  Peter  believed  what  may  be  now  I  know  not  but 
there  is  no  great  prospect  of  it.  This  is  the  only  letter  I  write 
by  the  first  Pacquett,  so  that  you  may  communicate  it  to  my 
friends  as  a  proof  of  my  being  well  and  youll  in  the  same  course 
make  my  compliments  to  them  all. 

I'm  sorry  that  Captain  Campbell  should  make  objections  to 
the  payment  of  his  Bill;  he  brought  me  3  for  which  I  cleared 
him  all  his  charge  and  gav  at  that  time  20  guineas  over  for 
his  own  trouble  expense  this  he  knows  and  will  appear  by 
my  which  you  can  see;  this  indeed  I  thought  suitable 

any  expense  he  coud  incur  in  Mull  and  that  it  my  power  to 

give  him  or  not  the  raising  of  an  rather  than  have  any 

difference  about  it  let  h  what  I  had  allowed  me  by  the 

Regiment  which  was  £3  per  man  for  the  first  two  years  and  two 
guineas  for  the  remaining  years  that  at  a  medium  or  the  full  as 
you  please  but  I  hope  he'll  allow  interest  upon  what  Ballance  may 


40  NEW  YORK  STATE  HISTORICAL  ASSOCIATION 

be  due  by  him  upon  such  an  amot  from  the  time  it  fell  due  April 
46  when  he  went  to  the  Regt. 

I  am, 

My  dear  Sir, 

i-  Your  affect,  humble  servant. 

Dun.  Campbell. 

To 

John  Campbell  of  Cloichombie  Esqr. 
Inveraray, 

North  Brittain. 
(edge  of  letter  torn  off — hence  gaps)   (J.FC.) 

The  letter  bears  the  Inverawe  arms  on  seal  and  is  endorsed, 
probably  by  the  addressee  "14th  March  1758,  from  Inveraw  con- 
cerning his  familie  and  affairs  and  Lieut.  Collonel  Dugd.  Camp- 
bell's Bill." 

This  letter  will  bear  reading  and  re-reading.  The  first 
and  to  the  writer  the  most  important  part  of  the  letter  was 
some  financial  and  family  problem.  Unfortunately  his  guarded 
and  cryptic  message  caused  by  the  fear  that  the  letter  might 
be  opened  by  another  than  the  addressee  will  perhaps  leave 
it  always  an  unsolved  mystery.  It  would  be  interesting  to 
know  what  success  attended  the  planting  of  the  two  barrels 
of  timber  seed.  His  guess  that  the  Black  Watch  might  be  used 
in  the  Ticonderoga  campaign  rather  than  the  Lewisburgh  as  plan- 
ned, proved  correct.  It  would  be  interesting  to  know  what  the 
malady  of  the  previous  winter  was,  to  prevent  a  relapse  of  which 
it  had  been  necessary  to  travel  to  the  Southard.  The  letter  closes 
with  another  financial  problem.  If  he  means  that  he  was  allowed 
ten  or  fifteen  dollars  per  man  for  the  thousand  men  in  the  Regiment, 
that  would  be  a  very  sizable  income  for  those  days  and  the  bill 
must  have  been  a  large  one.  The  allowance,  however,  might  have 
been  for  recruits  secured  or  some  other  regimental  activity.  But 
aside  from  the  interesting  contents  of  this  letter  its  real  value  is 
that  it  gives  an  opportunity  to  learn  something  of  the  character  of 
its  writer.  One  can  read  between  the  lines  that  Duncan  of  Inver- 
awe was  a  reserved  man  of  a  strong  but  a  quiet,  kindly  nature,  he 
would  suffer  loss  himself  rather  than  make  trouble  for  others,  and 
after  having  done  his  best  was  willing  to  take  whatever  came 
without  complaint.  It  quite  matches  the  Inverawe  of  the  ghost 
story  who  promised  to  protect  a  fugitive  and  then  stood  by  his 


d 

«  a 

*  "rt 


a 


T3    C      O  C 

10  rj   £?s ' 


gf£ll§s 
*ii>il».s« 


egrn  fc.      <w 


OO  oj  O;     g  *OJ 

—  rD  g        ^  rt       * 

•~     >»  g   03         bOJ« 

1^  hlgH^C 

j>^_,  k     cprHCpQ 


H  |    *£* 
c        x  o 


THE    BLACK    WATCH    AT    TICONDEROGA  41 

oath  even  though  the  refugee  was  the  murderer  of  his  cousin.  The 
reader  of  this  letter  can  not  help  but  feel  drawn  towards  its  writer. 
Now  what  was  the  immediate  family  and  what  was  the  back- 
ground of  our  hero.  One  version  of  the  ghost  story  was  that  he 
made  his  will  the  night  before  the  battle,  but  no  sensible  man  waits 
until  death  is  at  the  door  for  this  very  important  transaction  and 
we  find  the  following  in  Vol.  XV,  Abstract  of  Entry  in  Sheriff 
Court  Books  of  Argyll  at  Inveraray.  ^NI 

"Disposition  by  Major  Duncan  Campbell  of  Inverawe  to  Lieut. 
Dugald  Campbell,  his  eldest  son  procreated  between  him  and  Mrs. 
Jean  Campbell,  his  wife,  whom,  failing,  to  Lieut.  Alexander  Camp- 
bell, his  second  son,  whom  failing,  Duncan  Campbell,  his  third  and 
youngest  son,  whom  failing,  to  any  other  sons  he  may  lawfully 
have,  and  the  heirs  male  of  their  bodies  in  succession,  whom  failing, 
to  Janet  Campbell,  his  only  daughter  now  in  life  procreated  be- 
tween him  and  the  said  Mrs.  Jean  Campbell,  of  his  whole  lands 
and  estate  of  Inverawe  and  others,  under  certain  reservations ;  dated 
at  Glasgow  17th  April,  1756;  witnesses,  John  Campbell  of  Cloi- 
chombie,  Alexander  Campbell  in  Achalion,  and  others." 

This  establishes  Inverawe's  family  and  we  will  see  what  became 
of  them.  Dugald  was  appointed  2nd  Lieutenant  in  the  21st  or  Royal 
North  British  Fuziliers,  December  28,  1755,  joined  his  Regiment 
at  Gibraltar  in  1756,  died  and  was  succeeded  by  John  Wallace, 
March  1st,  1758. 

Alexander  was  appointed  Lieutenant  in  the  .Black  Watch  Jan. 
28,  1756,  was  wounded  at  Ticonderoga  and  invalided  to  Glasgow 
where  he  was  promoted  to  a  Captaincy  in  the  Argyllshire  Regiment 
of  Fencible  men,  July  21,  1759,  died  unmarried  Feb.  8,  1760  and 
was  buried  in  Grey  Friers  Burying  Ground.  A  powder  horn  said 
to  have  belonged  to  Lt.  Alexander  and  bearing  the  coat-of-arms 
of  the  Campbells  of  Inverawe  is  at  the  McCord  Museum  of  McGill 
University  in  Montreal. 

Duncan,  third  son  of  Inverawe,  is  still  a  mystery  but  the  fact 
that  Janet  was  proven  heir  to  Inverawe  February  5,  1762  would 
seem  to  show  that  he  had  died  without  issue  before  that  date. 

Major  Duncan,  born  Nov.  22,  1702,  married  March  20,  1732 
Jean,  daughter  of  Col.  Alexander  Campbell  of  Finab.  She  died 


42 

at  Edinburgh  August  20,  1761.  When  Janet  succeeded  to  Inverawe 
in  1762  therefore  her  father,  her  mother  and  three  brothers  had 
all  predeceased  her — a  tragic  mortality  in  six  short  years.  There 
is  a  family  tradition  that  Major  Duncan  mortgaged  Inverawe  to 
his  brother-in-law,  Col.  Robert  Campbell  of  Finab  and  Monzie 
and  that  according  to  old  Scottish  law  the  property  was  handed 
over  to  the  man  who  advanced  the  money  until  the  rental  had 
paid  off  the  debt,  and  that  this  arrangement  was  called  a  wadset. 
Whether  Col.  Campbell  of  Finab  and  Monzie  acquired  the  property 
by  wadset  or  purchase,  it  passed  into  his  hands  soon  after  Janet 
proved  her  title  and  it  is  said  that  when  she  left  the  estate  she 
washed  her  hands  in  a  bottle  of  wine  at  the  border,  which  we  were 
told  was  an  old  Highland  custom.  The  owner  of  Inverawe  in  1910 
was  a  descendant  of  Col.  Robert  Campbell  of  Finab  and  Monzie, 
a  Mrs.  Campbell  of  Dunstaffnage.  Since  then  we  are  informed  it 
was  purchased  by  the  late  Mr.  James  Currie  and  is  now  for  sale 
to  settle  his  estate. 

Janet  who  married  Capt.  William  Pitman,  had  only  one  daugh- 
ter, Susan,  who  died  unmarried.  So  with  her  the  descendants  of 
Major  Duncan  Campbell  of  Inverawe  are  at  an  end. 

There  is  a  very  interesting  tale  about  an  Inverawe  cup.     It 
seems  that  in   1714  the  three   brothers,  Archibald  of  Inverawe, 
Dugald  of  Shirvan,  and  Alexander  of  Kilmartin,  each  got  a  silver 
cup.     The  Kilmartins  always  kept  their  cup  but  both  those  of 
Inverawe  and  Shirvan  were  lost.     This  was  such  a  grief  to  the 
Inverawes  that  the  fact  was  often  mentioned.     On  one  occasion 
a  friend  who  had  heard  of  this  cup  was  hunting  in  Ireland  and 
stopped  at  a  wretched  little  inn  to  get  a  drink  for  himself  and  his 
horse.    The  place  was  so  disreputable  looking  that  he  would  not 
go  in  but  had  his  drink  brought  out  to  him.    It  came  in  a  battered 
old  metal  cup  and  on  the  chance  that  it  might  be  of  value,  he 
bought  it  from  the  landlord.    To  his  great  pleasure  he  found  on 
having  it  cleaned  that  it  was  the  long  lost  Inverawe  cup.    He  had 
an  inscription  put  on  it,  recording  the   finding,   and  sent  it  to 
Archibald  Campbell  of  Blackhouse,  a  nephew  of  Major  Duncan, 
and  the  representative  at  that  time  of  the  Inverawe  family.    The 
cup  is  still  a  treasured  possession  of  the  descendants  of  this  Archi- 
bald, the  Campbells  of  Arduaine,  Lochgilphead. 


— From  "Auchindan'Oua  Zvliscellany 
THE  INVERAWE  CUP 


THE    BLACK    WATCH    AT    TICONDEROGA  43 

The  will  of  the  Archibald  of  Inverawe  of  the  Silver  Cup  and 
father  of  Major  Duncan  Campbell,  is  as  follows: 

"1727,  February  23rd— Disposition  by  Archibald  Campbell  of 
Inveraw  to  Duncan  Campbell,  his  eldest  lawful  son,  and  the  heirs 
male  of  his  body,  whom  failing,  to  Dugall  Campbell,  his  second 
lawful  son,  and  his  heirs  male,  whom  failing,  Lachlan  Campbell, 
his  third  son,  and  Alexander  Campbell,  his  fourth  son,  whom  all 
failing,  the  heirs  of  the  Granter  and  Janet  McLean,  his  spouse, 
whom  failing,  his  heirs  of  any  other  marriage  of  his  lands  of 
Inveraw,  Drumchoise,  Dalneass,  etc.,  with  certain  exceptions, 
including  a  life  rent  right  granted  by  the  deceased  Archibald 
Campbell  of  Inveraw  to  Lilias  Campbell,  his  spouse,  now  spouse  to 
Angus  Campbell  of  Dunstagnage;  dated  at  Inveraw  14th  February 
1722." 

Another  interesting  fact  in  the  Inverawe  annals  is  that  Dugald 
Campbell  of  London  in  the  parish  of  Saint  Martin's,  Westminster, 
and  County  of  Middlesex,  by  his  will  bearing  date  the  2nd  day  of 
June  1718,  gave  to  old  decayed  men  and  young  women  of  Campbell 
of  Inverawe's  family,  the  sum  of  £300,  and  that  this  "Inverawe 
Annuity  Fund"  since  augmented,  is  still  administered  by  Trustees 
chosen  from  the  Inverawe  heirs. 

The  present  known  Campbells  who  are  proud  to  claim  that 
they  are  of  the  Clan  Inverawe  are  descended  from  Alexander, 
brother  of  Duncan,  the  fourth  son  of  Archibald,  as  named  in  the 
foregoing  will.  Alexander  was  born  in  1710  and  married  Ann 
Somerville  in  1747.  If  all  of  the  descendants  of  this  union  have 
been  of  as  fine,  high  character  as  those  whom  we  have  been  priv- 
ileged to  meet,  the  world  has  indeed  been  richer  for  the  Campbells 
of  Inverawe. 

Family  Tree  of  The  Campbells  of  Inverawe 

The  family  does  not  seem  to  be  entirely  in  agreement  on  the 
line  back  of  the  18th  Century.  The  following  is  gathered  from  dif- 
ferent branches.  One  version  is  that  the  Inverawes  descended  from 
Sir  Archibald  Campbell  of  Lochow,  whose  son  Colin  was  knighted 
by  Alexander  III,  1280,  and  died  1294.  His  son,  Niel  or  Nigel  of 
Lochow,  died  1360,  and  his  son,  Dugald  or  Duncan  was  the  1st 
"Inverawe"  and  ancestor  of  the  Clan  Dhonnachie  Campbells.  He 
got  a  grant  of  the  estate  of  Inveraw  and  Cruachan  from  David  II, 
1330.  A  later  Inveraw  got  a  grant  of  lands  from  Queen  Mary, 


44  NEW  YORK  STATE  HISTORICAL  ASSOCIATION 

1558.  With  the  exception  of  a  gap  of  about  60  years  from  1460  or 
so  to  1510,  we  have  a  complete  record  of  "Inveraws"  practically 
an  unbroken  succession  from  father  to  son. 

Another  version  is  the  following: 
Archibald,  c/v  from  1st  Earl  of  Argyll 

Dougal,  c/v  22.11.1485,  from  2nd  Earl.  Sasine  Des.  1486.  Officer 
of  Over  Lochow  to  the  Earl.  (Inverawe  deeds) 

Archibald,  signs  Archibald  McCoul  McConachie  of  Inverawe  1519, 
(Thanes  of  Cawdor),  c/v  from  2nd  Earl  as  heir  to  Dugal 
(Inverawe  deeds)  married  Margaret  Campbell. 

Dougal,  (Inverawe  1548-1562).  (Register  of  Decreets  and  Acts) 
said  to  have  married  a  dau.  of  Lochnell. 

Archibald,  (1562-1567  or  1576)  married  Margaret  C.  dau.  of  Dou- 
gal C.  of  Ardcullour,  sister  of  Sir  James  C.  Vlth  of  Ardkinklas. 
(A.  Charters) 

Dougal,  (1576  or  1567-1583)  married  Christian  Carswell,  dau.  (or 
granddaughter)  of  Bishop  Carswell.  Relict  of  Dougal  1587. 
She  afterward  married  Neill  Campbell,  Bishop  of  Lismore. 

Archibald,  (1583-1650) 

Dougal,  (1650-1674),  burned  "Bonnie  House  of  Airlie"  1640.  mar- 
ried 1st,  Agnes,  dau.  of  Sir  Robert  C.  of  Glenarguhy  (Braedal- 
bane)  2nd,  Janet,  dau.  of  Rory  McNeill  of  Barra. 

Archibald,  (1674-1705),  son  of  Dougal  and  Agnes.  Married  1st, 
Mary,  dau.  of  Hector  McNeill  of  Thayneis.  2nd,  Lilias,  dau. 
of  Sir  James  C.  of  Lawers. 

Archibald,  (1705-1730)  married  Janet  McLean  of  Torloisk.  Served 
heir  to  Cattinis  1700,  later  Inverawe,  etc.  Received  Inverawe 
cup  1714. 

Duncan  (1730-1758),  Major  Black  Watch,  married  Jane  Campbell 
of  Finab. 


THE   BLACK    WATCH    AT   TICONDEBOGA 


ARCHIBALD  OF  INVERAWE 

b.  abt.  1670.    got  cup  1714.    d.  1730. 
m.  Janet  Maclean  of  Tarloisk,  in  Mull,  abt.  1700. 


Duncan  of  Inveraw    Barbara 
Maj.  Black  Watch     b.  1703 
b.  1702.    d.  1758    Campbell 
m.  Jean  Campbell  m.  Archd. 
of  Finab  of  Jura 

I  

/  r  f 

Dugald     Alexander    Duncan 

Lieut,     b.  abt.  1705    Lieut. 

d.  unm.  Lieut.   Black  d.  unm. 

Watch,  d.  of 

wounds  rec'd 

Ticongeroga. 

Unm. 


Archibald    Dugald       Alexander 
b.  1705      b.  1706         b.  1710 
d.  before  no  issue        m.  1747 
1721  Ann    Somer 

ville 


Janet 

m.  Wm.  Pitman,  M.  D.  33d 
Regt.  (Duke  of  Cumberland's 
army.  Sold  Inveraw  1762  to  her 
uncle,  Col.  Robt.  Campbell  of 
Monzie  and  Finab.  One  dau. 
Susan,  d  unm. 


-Lachlan 

b.  1709 

d.  young 
-Isobel 

b.  1711 
-Elizabeth 

b.  1713 
-Patrick 

b.  1714 
-Lilias 

b. 1716 
-Ann  b.  1717 
-John  b.  1719 


Jean          John 
m.  Duncan 
Campbell 
Achlian 

Archibald 
of  Blackhouse 
m.  Katberine  Fish 
|     1817 

Ann           Alexander 
d.  unm. 

Duncan 
b.  1763d.  1815 
m.  1798  Harriot 
Young,  b.  1774. 

Alexander  of  Auchindarock 
Pur'd  1829.    Trustee  sold 
Tirvine  to  James  A.  C.  1830. 
3rd  Dragoon  Guards,  d.  July  1902. 
m.  Harriet  Keir,  dau.  Sir  James  Keir. 


See  next  page 


/                   f             f 

Archibald    Julia    Mary 
b.  1842 
d.  Aug.  1885 
74th  Highlanders 
m.  Isabella  C.,  dau.  Col. 
Fairlie  of  Coodham  A. 

/ 

Alister 
h.  1846.  Killed 
Sakokunis  Krael 
1879.     (Schipka 
pass  Campbell) 

t                     t 

James            Walter 
Arthur           b.  1854 
b.  1850 
d.  Nov.  1929 
m.  Miss  E.  M.  Bruce 

.    1. 

/ 

Neil 
b.  1858 
m.  M.  G. 
Bovill 

Arduaine  family 


Alister  Magnus         Roma  Constance 
of  Auchindarroch  1870 

b.  1868.   d.  Aug.  1930 
m.  1st,  Lilias  Mary  1897 
dau.  Robt.  Roberston  of 
Mountgrenan,  Glasgow 


Archibald      Zella  Muriel          Donald 
b.  1878          b.  1880  b.  1881 

m.  Eva,  dau  m.  Robertson          d.  1886 
Col.  Agnew    Glasgow 
East  Warristoone 


Alister  Norman       Colin  C. 
b.  1898 

m.  2nd  Evelyn  Sanderson  1903,  Edinburgh 


Amy  Muriel       Neil  Arch'd         Alan  Keir 
1905  b.  1906,  d.  1907         b.  1908 


46 


NEW  YORK  STATE  HISTORICAL  ASSOCIATION 


DUNCAN  (son  of  Alexander  who  was  brother  of  Duncan  of  Inveraw) 
b.  1763    d.  1815    m.  1798    Harriot  Young,  b.  1774 


Henrietta    Alexander    Robert    Ann    Duncan         Jane 
b.  1800         b.  1801       b.  1802    Eliza    b.  1805  b.  1806 
m.  Rev.  Bracken  b.  1803d.  at      m.  Sir 

Eton     Alex. 

Spearman. 
Henrietta  Eliza 
d.  unm. 


Jane    Henrietta    Augusta    Alex.    Edmund    Horace 


James  Archibald 
b.  1807,  d.  1879 
m.   1st  1832 
Jane  Augusta 
Pocklington 
d.  1842 
m.  2nd  Maria 

Grace  Cameron 
d.  1906 


Rudolph 


Thos.  Edmund        Augustus 

b.   1809  b.  1811 

m.  Henrietta  d.  young  in 

du  Chesne  snow  storm 

St.  Hilaire  in  Alps. 
Canada 
I 


Edmund   Archibald   Jucherau   Bruce   Laura   Robert   Duncan   Donald    Colin 


b.  1843 
m.  Nellie 
Lind 

1 

d.  1899 

Hermome 
d. 

m. 
Mabel 
G.  Allen 

Duncan    Archie    Charles    Lola 

Edmund 

Bruce  Hugh 
killed 
in  war 

f      killed 

Ella  in  war                                  t  '"•'-  -"-   "  '  r                 / 
Enid       Phoebe       Colin, 
d. 

THE   BLACK   WATCH   AT   TICONDEROGA 


47 


JAMES  ARCHIBALD  (sou  of  Duncan,  son  of  Alexander  bro.  of  Duncan  of 

Inveraw. 
b.  1807    d.  1879 
m.  1st  1832  Jane  Augusta  Pocklington,  d.  1842 

r .. 


Jane  Eliza 

b.  1833 

d.  1924 

m.  Rev.  Walter 

Tait.  Min  of 

St.  Madoes,  Perthshire 


Laura       Duncan     Edmund  Alex'r  Florence  Lome  Augustus 


Beatrice  Pocklington 
b.  1834       d. 
d.  1917 


d.  1887 

m.  Margaret 

Campbell 

d.  1909 


Elizabeth 
d.  unm. 


b.  1842 
d.  1893 
m.  1875 
Cecelia  Martin 
d.  1898 


b.  1836    d.  1905                '             '                 '              ' 
\                      Maria    Duncan    Edmund    Lome 

/               / 

Ronald    James 
Bruce      Arch'd 
m.  1911     m.  Bessie 
May         Anderson 
Jrockman 

J.H.'M. 

(Minna) 

/            Grace    M  elver    Alexr         Francis 
Adam        m.  1904                                    d. 
Duncan     Louis  Carey 
m.  1901                     |                                             I 

Evelyn  Heath                  ' 
|                          Estella  Grace                ' 

,i 

Neill 
b.  1924 

r 

Barbara 
Jean 

t                 and  Patricia               Bruce 
Ian  Ford  Duncan                                    b.  1912 
b.1904 

ft/ 

John          Frances          Patrick 
Anderson 

Ethel       Frederick 
m.  1897 
Chas.  Desborough 

I 

/  /  f 

Jan      Joyce      Peter 


Cecil  Audrey 
d.  1918 
0.  A.  S. 


Ian 


James 
m.  2nd 

T 

Archibald  (b. 
Maria  Grace 

1807,  d.  1879) 
Cemeron,  d.  1906 

/ 

Grace 
m.Dr. 
Neill 
1 
John 
m. 

/ 

Donald 
Charles 
d.  1923 

t 
Henrietta 
d.  1860 

/ 
James 
Archibald 

/                    t 
Maria           Lilias 
Josephine      MacDon 
m.  1887 
d.  1888 
Rev.  Reginald  Letts 

r 

Mabel 
aid      Harriott 
m.  1887 
Hugh  Daubney 
Lieut.  RN 
d.  1914 

1 

Christian 

Francis 

b.  1888 


Gladys    Marjory    Hugh 
M.W.L.  b.1900 

Mellersh 


Mary 


John 


Veronica 


Dugal  John 
m. 


Evan  Cameron 
m.  Marie 


APPENDIX 

'   t:;T  -7^-  A 

ROLL  FROM  AN   OLD  PAPER  IN  POSSESSION   OF   THE 

7TH  DUKE  OF  ATHOLL.    OFFICERS  OF  THE  42ND 

HIGHLANDERS,  NEW  YORK,  MAY  22,  1757. 

Lt.  Col.  Francis  Grant,  son  of  the  Laird  of  Grant,  wounded  at 
Ticonderoga. 

Major  Duncan  Campbell,  of  Inverawe,  killed  at  Ticonderoga. 

Captain  Gordon  Graham,  of  Drainie,  wounded  at  Ticonderoga. 

Captain  John  Reid,  of  Straloch,  wounded  at  Martinique. 

Captain  John  NcNeil. 

Captain  Allan  Campbell,  son  of  Barcaldine. 

Captain  Thomas  Graeme,  of  Duchray,  wounded  at  Ticonde- 
roga. 

Captain  James  Abercrombie. 

Captain  John  Campbell,  of  Strachur,  wounded  at  Ticonderoga. 

Captain  John  Campbell,  of  Duneavis,  killed  at  Ticonderoga. 

Lieutenant  William  Grant,  of  Rothiemurchus  family,  wounded 
at  Ticonderoga. 

Lieutenant  Robert  Gray,  wounded  at  Ticonderoga. 

Lieutenant  John  Campbell,  younger  of  Glenyon,  wounded  at 
Ticonderoga.1 

Lieutenant  George  Farquharson,  son  of  Farquharson  of  Micris, 
Braemar,  killed  at  Ticonderoga. 

Lieutenant  Sir  James  Cockburn.2 

Lieutenant  Kenneth  Tolmie. 

Lieutenant  James  Grant  (Adjutant),  wounded  at  Ticonderoga. 

Lieutenant  John  Graham  (quartermaster)  wounded  at  Ticon- 
deroga and  wounded  at  Fort  Pitt. 

Lieutenant  Hugh  McPherson,  killed  at  Ticonderoga. 


1.  Major  Sir  Duncan  Campbell  of  Bacaldine  says  should  be  "of  Glen- 
daruel'  and  that  younger  of  Glenlyon  went  to  the  Marines  in  1755. 

2.  Lieut.   Sir  James  Cockburn  transferred  to   48th  Foot.     Ensign  Pat- 
rick Balneavis  made  Lieut.,  commission  dated   1st  April,   1758,   and   Mr.   El- 
bert   Hering  succeeded   to   the   Ensigncy,   commission   dated   April   3d,    1758. 
(See   extract   from    letter   Jas.    Abercrombie    to   Lord   Viscount    Harrington.. 
Albany,  May  27,  1758.) 


Blair  Castle  at  Blair  Atholl 


Reviewing  the  Atholl  Highlanders 


Sir  John  James  Hugh  Henry  Stewart-Murray,  K.  T.,  Seventh  Duke 

of  Atholl 


THE  BLACK   WATCH   AT   TICONDEROGA  49 

Lieutenant  Alex.  Turnbull,  of  Strathcavere,  wounded  at  Mar- 
tinique. 

Lieutenant  Alex.  Campbell,  son  of  Inverawe,  wounded  at 
Ticonderoga. 

Lieutenant  Alex.  Mclntosh,  wounded  at  Ticonderoga. 

Lieutenant  James  Gray. 

Lieutenant  William  Baillie,  killed  at  Ticonderoga. 

Lieutenant  Hugh  Arnot. 

Lieutenant  John  Sutherland,  killed  at  Ticonderoga. 

Lieutenant  John  Small. 

Lieutenant  Archibald  Campbell. 

Lieutenant  James  Campbell. 

Lieutenant  Archibald  Lament. 

Ensign  Duncan  Campbell,  wounded  at  Fort  Pitt. 

Ensign  Patrick  Balnea  vis,1  son  of  Edradour,  wounded  at 
Ticonderoga,  wounded  at  Martinique. 

Ensign  Patrick  Stewart,2  son  of  Bonskeid,  killed  at  Ticonderoga. 

Ensign  Norman  MacLeod. 

Ensign  George  Campbell. 

Ensign  Donald  Campbell. 

Ensign  James  Mclntosh,  wounded  at  Fort  Pitt. 

Ensign  Alex.  Mclntosh,  wounded  at  Martinique. 

Ensign  Peter  Grant,  wounded  at  Ticonderoga. 

Three  additional  Companies  embarked  for  America,  November, 
1757. 

Captain  James  Stewart,  younger  of  Urrard,  wounded  at  Ticon- 
deroga. 

Captain  James  Murray,  son  of  Lord  G.  Murray,  wounded  at 
Ticonderoga,  wounded  at  Martinique. 

Captain  Thomas  Stirling,  younger  of  Ardoch,  wounded  at  Mar- 
tinique, wounded  at  New  Jersey. 

Lieutenant  Simon  Blair. 

Lieutenant  David  Barclay,  killed  at  Martinique. 

Lieutenant  Archibald  Campbell,  wounded  at  Ticonderoga. 

Lieutenant  Alex.  Mackay. 

Lieutenant  Alex.  Menzies. 


1.  See  Foot  Note  at  bottom  of  preceding  page. 

2.  Miss  Ethel  Lomas,  copyist  at  Public  Record  Office    London    is  auth- 
ority for  the  statement  that  this  should  be  Peter  (not  Patrick)  Stewart. 


60  NEW  YORK  STATE  HISTORICAL  ASSOCIATION 

Lieutenant  David  Milne,8  wounded  at  Ticonderoga,  wouaded 
at  Martinique. 

Ensign  Duncan  Stewart,  son  of  Derculich. 

Ensign  George  Rattray,  son  of  Dalralzion,  killed  at  Ticonde- 
roga. 

Ensign  Alex.  Farquharson. 

"Ensiern  John  Smith  is  added  in  ink  to  the  1858  Army  List  in  the  N.  Y. 
State  Library  at  Albany  and  is  also  marked  as  "wounded  at  Ticonderogra." 

3.  This  name  is  given  as  David  Mills  in  the  Army  List,  but  the  Duke 
of  Atholl  is  authority  for  the  statement  that  Milne  is  correct. 


B 

ROLL  OF  CAPT.  JOHN  REID'S  COMPANY,  NOV.  1757. 

The  following  is  the  roll  of  Capt.  John  Reid's  Company  of 
the  42nd,  which  was  commanded  by  Capt.  James  Murray  during 
the  expedition.  Taken  from  Atholl  Records,  page  440,  Vol.  III. 

Capt.  James  Murray,  wounded.  Sergt.  Alex'r  Gumming. 

Lieut.  Kenneth  Tolmie.  Corporal  John  Gumming. 

Lieut.  David  Mill,  wounded.  Corporal  Jonathan  Grant. 

Ensign  Charles  Menzies.  Corporal  Angus  McDonald. 

Sergt.  James  McNab.  Corporal  John  Stewart. 

Sergt.  John  McAndrews.  Drum  Walter  Mclntyre,  killed. 

Sergt.  John  Watson.  Drum  Alan  Campbell. 

Privates 

Wm.  Anderson.  James  Mclntyre,  killed. 

John  Buchanan,  killed.  Hector  Mclnven. 

Angus  Cameron.  Hugh  McKay. 

Hugh  Cameron,  killed.  Alex'r  McKenzie. 

Wm.  Carmichael.  Hugh  McKenzie. 

Donald  Carr,  killed.  John  McKenzie,  killed. 

Hugh  Christie.  John  McKenzie. 

Alex.  Gumming.  Roderick  McKenzie. 

James  Farquharson,  killed.  Dougall  McLachlan,  killed. 

Alex  Fraser.  John  McLaren. 

Donald  Fraser.  Roderick  McLaren. 

Donald  Fraser.  Neil  McLeod. 


THE   BLACK   WATCH   AT   TICONDEROGA 


51 


Hugh  Fraser. 
Hugh  Fraser,  killed. 
John  Forbes. 
John  Graham. 
Donald  Grant. 
James  Grant. 
John  Grant. 
John  Grant. 
William  Grant. 
James  Gordon. 
William  Gordon. 
Donald  Kennedy. 
Donald  Kennedy. 
John  Kennedy. 
George  McAdam. 
John  McArthur. 
Donald  McColl. 
Donald  McDiarmid. 
Angus  McDonald. 
Arch'd  McDonald. 
Arch'd  McDonald,  killed. 
James  McDonald,  killed. 
John  McDonald. 
Lachlan  McDonald. 
William  McDonald,  killed. 
Neil  McEachern. 
Peter  McFarlane. 
Peter  McFarlane,  killed. 
John  McGillvray. 
Leonard  McGlashan. 
Alex  McGregor. 
Donald  McGregor. 
Robert  McGregor. 
John  Mclntosh. 
Alex  Mclntyre. 
Donald  Mclntyre. 


Norman  McLeod,  killed. 

Donald  McLeish. 

Donald  McLeish. 

William  McLinnion. 

Neil  McMillan. 

Donald  McNeil,  killed. 

Neil  McNeil. 

Hugh  McPhee. 

John  McPhee. 

Alex  McPherson. 

Donald  McPherson. 

Donald  McQueen,  killed. 

James  Michael. 

Donald  Murray. 

James  Murray. 

James  Rea. 

Alex'r  Reid. 

Alex'r  Ross. 

Donald  Ross. 

Hugh  Ross,  killed. 

John  Ross. 

Donald  Robertson. 

Neil  Shaw. 

John  Sinclair,  died  of  wounds. 

John  Smith. 

Walter  Spaulding. 

Alex'r  Stewart. 

Charles  Stewart,  died  of  wounds, 

Donald  Stewart,  died  of  wounds. 

Walter  Stewart,  died  ofwounds  . 

Robert  Urquhart. 

Donald  Watson. 

Donald  Wheet. 

William  Wishart. 

Duncan  Wright. 


The  above  roll  was  made  out  at  the  muster  in  October,  1757, 
and  contains  the  names  of  those  who  served  in  the  Company  for 


52 


NEW  YORK  STATE  HISTORICAL  ASSOCIATION 


the  previous  six  months.  Unfortunately  the  names  of  the  non- 
commissioned officers  and  men  who  were  wounded  at  Ticonderoga 
are  not  shown. 


ROLL  OF  CAPT.  JAMES  MURRAY'S  COMPANY,  NOV.  1757. 

This  Company  was  at  Fort  Edward  captained  by  Capt.  James 
Abercrombie  and  not  in  the  battle  of  July  8,  1758. 


Atholl  Records,  p.  431,  Vol.  III. 


Sergt.  Wm.  Grant. 
Sergt.  Charles  Robinson. 
Sergt,  John  McQueen. 


George  Bremmer. 
Donald  Brown. 
Duncan  Cameron. 
John  Campbell. 
Donald  Conacher. 
William  Cowie. 
James  Douglas. 
Donald  Drummond. 
James  Duncan. 
Alex  Fraser  (1). 
Alex  Fraser  (2). 
William  Fife. 
Robert  Grant. 
Alex  Irvine. 
James  Kennedy. 
Duncan  McAndrew. 
Donald  McDiarmid. 
Archibald  McDonald. 
Archibald  McDonald. 
Donald  McDonald. 
John  McDonald. 
William  McDonald. 


Corporal  John  Leslie. 
Corporal  Robert  Lachlan. 
Drummer  Alan  Campbell. 


Privates 


Thos.  McNab. 
Alex  McPherson. 
James  McPherson. 
Donald  McRaw. 
Robert  Menzies. 
William  Munroe. 
John  Murray. 
Alex'r  Nicholson. 
Alex'r  Norrie. 
Alex'r  Reid. 
Alex'r  Robertson. 
Angus  Robertson. 
Archibald  Robertson. 
Charles  Robertson. 
Donald  Robertson. 
James  Robertson. 
James  Robertson. 
John  Robertson. 
Peter  Robertson. 
'James  Scroggie. 
Alex'r  Stewart. 
Alex'r  Stewart. 


THE    BLACK    WATCH   AT   TICONDEROGA 


53 


Peter  McFarlane. 
Alex'r  Mclntosh. 
Robert  Mclntosh. 
Robert  Mclntosh. 
William  Mclntosh. 
Donald  McLean. 
"Donald  McLean. 


O 

£ 

fc, 
O 

El 


Q 
<N 


O 

§ 


1 

o 


Alex'r  Stewart. 
John  Stewart. 
Robert  Stewart. 
Thomas  Stewart. 
William  Stewart. 
John  Wighton. 
John  Wighton. 


00         ^-.'^     „„„„«.,.,.....,.%...,.,. 


EH 
O 


«*          O 
O        r*- 


H 


|| 

|o, 


=3X!  c  a 


0) 

'-3  -+3  -^ 


W 


54  NEW  YORK  STATE  HISTORICAL  ASSOCIATION 


COMPARISON  OF  LOSSES  OF  BLACK  WATCH  AT  TICON- 
DEROGA  WITH  THOSE  OF  OTHER  WARS. 

In  the  "Regimental  Losses  in  the  American  Civil  War,  1861, 
1865.  A  treatise  in  the  extent  and  nature  of  the  mortuary  losses 
in  the  Union  Regiments,  with  full  and  exhaustive  statistics  com- 
piled from  the  official  records  on  file  on  the  State  Military  Bureaus 
and  at  Washington,  by  William  F.  Fox,  Lieut.  Col.  U.  S.  V.,  presi- 
dent of  the  Society  of  the  12th  Army  Corps;  late  president  of  the 
107th  New  York  Veteran  Volunteer  Association.  Albany  Publish- 
ing Company,  Albany,  N.  Y.,  1899."  The  writer  states  that  he  has 
examined  the  records  of  2,000  regiments  of  the  Union  Army  and  on 
page  2  he  says,  "The  one  regiment  in  all  the  Union  Army  which 
sustained  the  greatest  loss  in  battle  during  the  American  Civil 
War  was  the  5th  New  Hampshire  Infantry.  It  lost  295  men,  killed 
or  mortally  wounded  in  action  during  the  four  years  of  service 
from  1861  to  1865.  It  served  in  the  first  division,  second  corps. 
This  division  was  commanded  successively  by  General  Richardson, 
Hancock,  Caldwall,  Barlow  and  Miles  and  any  regiment  that  fol- 
lowed the  fortunes  of  these  men  was  sure  to  find  plenty  of  bloody 
work  cut  out  for  it.  Its  loss  includes  18  officers  killed,  a  number 
far  in  excess  of  the  usual  proportions  and  indicates  that  the  men 
were  bravely  led." 

"There  were  34  regiments  of  the  Union  Army  whose  casualties 
in  killed,  wounded  or  missing  amounted  to  58  per  cent  or  over  of 
the  men  engaged  in  one  battle  in  each  case,  however,  there  was 
not  a  full  regiment  engaged.  For  example,  the  1st  Minnesota  at 
Gettysburg,  which  was  the  highest  per  centage,  had  47  killed  and 
168  wounded,  or  a  total  loss  of  215  out  of  262  men  engaged.  This 
is  a  loss  of  82  per  cent. 

The  9th  Illinois  at  Shiloh  had  61  killed,  300  wounded  and  5 
missing,  a  total  of  63.3  per  cent. 

The  Light  Brigade  which  has  been  immortalized  by  Tenny- 
son took  673  officers  and  men  into  that  charge  at  Balaklava  in 
which  113  were  killed  and  134  wounded,  a  total  of  247  or  36.7  per 
cent. 


\CHUSETS 
1  BY  AN- ORDER  OF       '.    GREAT  AND  GENERAL  COURT 

DATE  FEB  m/op.CAUSED  THIS  MONUMENT  TO 
5|BE  ERECTED  TO  Tlil.  '.itIMORY  OF  GEORGE  AUGUSTUS  LORD 
?|ViSCOUNT  HOWE  BRIGADIER  GENERAL  OF  HIS   MAJESTY'S 
^MFORCES  IN  AU:I;I(-\  \n/ur\ L../-  „,    ..  ^._.. 

^3 ON  THE 

' 

~S  A\n  n«n  IT.,,,  ""*"  •"-">»t  intT  MAU  OK  H!<v'< 

>•>!>  MIIJTARY  VJRTIIP'^  AMr\ 

«  AN'D  SOLDIERS  BORE  ^  AFFEJ^'ON  i 


Lord  Howe's  Monument  in  Westminster  Abbey 


THE    BLACK   WATCH    AT   TICONDEROGA 


55 


The  heaviest  loss  in  the  German  army  of  the  Franco-Prussian 
war  was  the  16th  Infantry  (3d  Westphalian)  at  Mars  LaTour 
which  had  509  killed,  619  wounded,  365  missing,  a  total  of  1,484  or 
49.4  per  cent,  out  of  3,000  men.  The  regiments  of  the  German 
army  had  3,000  men." 

The  above  are  the  greatest  casualties  suffered  in  three  great 
wars  taken  from  a  book  compiled  by  an  authority  who  had  made 
a  study  of  the  subject.  Compare  with  these  the  loss  of  the  Black 
Watch  at  Ticonderoga  given  by  Col.  Stewart  of  Garth  as  8  officers, 
9  sergeants  and  297  men  killed  and  17  officers,  10  sergeants  and 
306  soldiers  wounded  or  a  casualty  of  647  (64.7  per  cent)  out  of 
the  1,000  men  of  the  42nd  reported  by  General  Abercrombie  at 
Lake  George,  June  29,  1758. 


TABLE  OF  LOSSES  OF  BLACK  WATCH  IN  SEVEN 
YEAR  WAR. 

The  loss  sustained  by  the  regiment  during  the  seven  years  it 
was  employed  in  America  and  the  West  Indies  was  as  follows: 


KILLED 

WOUNDED 

K 
o 

0 

o 

5 

a 

s 

02                «2 

§  £  -S  |    « 

.5     O>        fl     S       .2 

Occ  coQ    £ 

Field  Officers 
Captains 
Subalterns 
Serjeants 
Drummers 

Privates 

Ticonderoga,  July  8,  1758      1 

16    9  2  297 

5  12  10 

306 

Martinique  January,  1759 

8 

1     2 

Gaudeloupe,  Feb.  and  Mar.,  1759 
General  Amherst's  Expedition  to 
the  Lakes,  July  and  Aug.,  1759 
Martinique,  Jan.  and  Feb.,  1762  . 
Havana,   June   and   July,    1762, 
both  battalions     

1     1        25 

3 

116        12 

6 

4    3 

1 
11731 

1 

57 

4 
72 

12 

Expedition    under    Colonel    Bo- 
quet,,  August,  1763 

111        26 

1122 

30 

Second    Expedition    under    Bo- 
quet,  in  1764  and  1765  

7 

1 

19 

Total  in  the  Seven  Years'  War  1 

3  9  12  2  384 

1  7  25  22  4 

522 

Stewart  of  Garth,  Appendix. 

66  NEW  YORK  STATE  HISTORICAL  ASSOCIATION 


OFFICIAL  TITLES  OF  BLACK  WATCH  AT  DIFFERENT 

PERIODS. 

1667  to  1739,  The  Black  Watch. 

1739  to  1749,  The  Regiment  was  known  during  this  period  by 
the  names  of  its  Colonels,  as  was  the  custom  in  the  British  Army 
at  that  time,  Earl  of  Crawford's,  Lord  Sempill's,  Lord  John  Mur- 
ray's. It  was  also  called  The  Highland  Regiment.  It  is  said  that 
the  Regiment  was  at  first  the  43d  Regt.  of  Foot,  but  while  it  was 
43d  in  order  of  precedence  it  is  a  question  if  it  was  ever  officially 
called  the  43d. 

1749  to  1758,  42nd  Regiment  of  Foot  (The  Highland  Regi- 
ment) . 

1758  to  1861,  42nd  (or  Royal  Highland)  Regiment  of  Foot. 

1861  to  1881,  42nd  Royal  Highlanders  (The  Black  Watch). 
1881  to  date,  1st  Battalion  The  Black  Watch  (Royal  Highlanders). 


1758  to  1786,  2nd  Battalion  42nd  (or  Royal  Highland),  Regiment 

of  Foot. 

1786  to  1862,  73d  (Highland)  Regiment  of  Foot. 

1862  to  1881,  73d  (Perthshire)  Regiment  of  Foot. 

1881  to  date,  2nd  Battalion  The  Black  Watch  (Royal  Highlanders). 


PRINCIPAL  CAMPAIGNS,  BATTLES,  ETC. 

*  "Honors"  on  the  Colors,  the  figures  showing  the  Battalion 
concerned. 

1743-47  Flanders.  1801  Mandora. 

1745  Fontenoy.  *  1808- 14  Peninsula  (1). 

1745  Jacobite  rising.  1808  Roleia. 

1757-60  Canada.  1808  Vimiera. 

1758  Ticonderoga.  *1809  Corunna  (1). 

1759  Guadeloupe.  1810  Busaco. 

1762  Martinique.  *1811  Fuentes  d'Onor  (1). 


THE    BLACK   WATCH    AT    TICONDEROGA 


57 


1762  Havannah. 
1762-67  Indian  Frontier. 

1763  Bushy  Run. 
1775-81  America. 
1776  Long  Island. 
1776  White  Plains. 
1776  Brooklyn. 

1776  Fort  Washington. 

1777  Pisquata. 
1777  Brandy  wine. 

1777  Germantown. 

1778  Freehold. 
1780  Charlestown. 

*  1783  Mysore  (2). 
*1783  Mangalore  (2). 

1793  Pondicherry. 

1893-95  Flanders. 

1793  Nieuport. 
1794  Nimeguen. 

1795  Ceylon. 

1795  Guildermalsen. 

1796  St.  Lucia. 

1797  St.  Vincent. 

1798  Minorca. 

*1799  Seringapatam  (2) 

1799  Genoa. 

1799  Cadiz. 

1800  Malta. 
*1801  Egypt  (1). 

1801  Alexandria. 
1801  Aboukir. 


1812  Ciudad  Rodrigo. 
1812  Salamanca. 

1812  Burgos. 
*1813  Pyrenees  (1). 

1813  Gohrde. 
*1813Nivelle  (1). 
*1813  Nive  (1). 
*1814  Orthes  (1). 

1814  Antwerp. 

*  1814  Toulouse  (1). 

1815  Quatre  Bras. 

*  1815  Waterloo  (1  and  2) 
1815  Netherlands. 

*  1846-53  South  Africa  (2), 
*1854  Alma  (1). 

1854  Balaclava. 

1854  Kertch. 

1855  Yenikale. 
*1855  Sevastopol  (1). 

1857-58  Indian  Mutiny. 

1857  Cawnpore. 
*1858Lucknow  (1). 
*1874  Ashantee  (1). 

*  1882-84  Egypt  (1). 
*1882  Tel-el-Kebir  (1). 
*1884-85Nile  (1). 

1884  El-Teb. 
1884  Tamai. 
*1885  Kirbekan  (1). 

*  1899- 1902  South  Africa. 
*1900  Paardeberg. 


BRITISH  REGIMENTS  AT  TICONDEROGA,  1758 

With  Notes  From  Farmer's  Regimental  Records. 

27th. 

1751-1881,  The  27th   (Inniskilling)   Regiment  of  Foot.     Also 
1758  "Lord  Blakeney's." 


58  NEW  YORK   STATE  HISTORICAL  ASSOCIATION 

1881  (from)  First  Battalion  "The  Royal  Inniskilling  Fusiliers." 
Nickname — "The  Lumps." 


Notes. — Formed  from  three  Companies  of  the  Inniskilling  forces.  It  is 
unique  in  using  the  old  Irish  war-pipes.  While  employed  on  the  Isthmus 
of  Darien  all  but  nine  of  six  hundred  men  succumbed.  For  distinguished 
gallantry  at  St.  Lucia,  in  1696,  it  was  directed  that  the  French  garrison  in 
marching  out  should  lay  down  their  arms  to  the  27th,  other  marks  of 
favor  being  likewise  accorded  to  the  officers  and  men  of  the  regiment. 

42nd. 
1749-58,  42nd  Regiment  of  Foot  (The  Highland  Regiment). 

1758-1861,  42nd  (or  Royal  Highland)  Regiment  of  Foot.  Also 
"Lord  John  Murray's,"  1758  and  59. 

1881  (from)  1st  Battalion  The  Black  Watch  (Royal  High- 
landers). 

Regimental  Badges — "The  Royal  Cypher  within  the  Garter." 
The  badge  and  motto  of  the  Order  of  the  Thistle.  Also  (in  each 
of  the  four  corners)  the  Royal  Cypher  ensigned  with  the  Imperial 
Crown.  Also  "The  Spinx"  (for  Egypt,  1801). 


Notes. — The  1st  Battalion  of  this  famous  corps,  the  oldest  Highland 
regiment  in  the  British  army,  was  raised  from  six  Independent  companies 
of  Highlanders.  Its  sombre  dress  of  black,  blue,  and  green  tartan  gave 
rise  to  its  popular  name.  To  enumerate  its  services  is  simply  to  narrate 
the  military  history  of  Great  Britain  since  the  early  part  of  the  last  cen- 
tury. Hardly  a  campaign  has  been  conducted,  or  a  battle  fought,  HI  which 
the  Black  Watch — one  battalion  or  the  other,  or  both  in  company — has  not 
participated;  always  with  bravery,  and  frequently  with  conspicuous  gal- 
lantry. Thereto  its  records  of  services  abundantly  testifies.  At  Fontenoy, 
Ticonderoga,  and  at  Bushy  Run  "extraordinary  and  unexampled"  gallantry 
was  shown.  It  received  Royal  distinction  in  its  change  of  title  in  1758, 
and  was  privileged  to  wear  the  red  heckle  in  the  bonnet,  in  recognition 
of  its  conduct  at  the  battle  of  Guildermalsen  in  1795.  In  Egypt  (in  1801, 
for  which  it  bears  "The  Sphinx"),  before  Alexandria,  it  captured  the 
Standard  of  the  French  Invincible  Legion.  Since  then  it  has  heaped  fame 
on  fame,  and  added  "honor"  to  "honor"  to  its  colours.  Nor  has  the  2nd 
Battalion  (raised  in  Perthshire  in  1758  as  the  second  Battalion  of  the  42nd, 
but,  renumbered,  long  known  as  the  73rd  prior  to  the  territorial  restoration 
of  the  ancient  status)  failed  to  win  fresh  laurels  as  occasion  arose.  At 
Mangalore  (1783)  against  Tippoo  Sahib,  and  side  by  side  with  the  senior 
Battalion  at  Waterloo,  in  the  Netherlands,  in  the  Indian  Mutiny,  and  in  the 
Kaffir  wars  of  1846-53,  it  has  worthily  sustained  the  undying  fame  of  the 
regiment.  Recent  events  in  South  Africa  show  that  neither  the  officers 
nor  the  men  of  today  have  lost  one  iota  of  that  traditional  dash,  determina- 
tion, and  the  bravery  which  have  won  for  the  Black  Watch  so  glorious  a 
place  in  British  military  annals. 

44th. 

1751-82,  The  44th  Regiment  of  Foot.     Also   1758,  "General 
Abercrombie's." 


THE    BLACK    WATCH    AT   TICONDEBOGA  59 

1881  (from)  The  First  Battalion  "The  Essex  Regiment." 

Nicknames— "The  Two  Fours"  (of  the  44th).  "The  Little 
Fighting  Fours,"  (the  regiment  saw  hard  service  in  the  Peninsula, 
and  its  men  were  of  small  average  stature).  "The  Pompadours" 
and  "Saucy  Pompeys."  (Tradition  relates  that  when  the  facings 
were  changed  in  1764  (the  crimson  not  wearing  well)  the  Colonel 
desired  Blue,  but  the  authorities  objecting,  he  chose  Purple,  a 
favorite  color  of  Madame  de  Pompadour,  a  mistress  of  Louis  XV, 
cf  France). 


Notes. — The   44th   captured   an   Eagle   of   the   62nd   French   Infantry   at 
Salamanica. 

46th 

1751-82,  The  46th  Regiment  of  Foot.  Also  1758  "Lieut.  Gen. 
Thomas  Murray's. 

1881  (from) Second  Battalion  "Duke  of  Cornwall's  Light  in- 
fantry." 

Nicknames — These  pertain  to  the  late  46th ;  "Murray's  Buck's" 
(from  Colonel  name  (1743-64)  and  its  smart  appearance  on  home 
duty  in  Scottish  Royal  livery).  "The  Surprisers"  (from  an  incident 
(1777)  in  the  American  War).  "The  Lacedemonians"  (its  Colonel 
once  when  under  fire,  made  a  disciplinarian  speech  concerning  the 
Lacedemonians).  Also  in  early  days,  "The  Edinburgh  Regiment." 
"The  Red  Feathers."  "The  Docs"  (the  initials) . 


Note. — "The  Two  Feathers"  is  a  distinction  of  the  46th,  a  Light  com- 
pany of  which,  in  1777,  with  others  were  brigaded  as  "The  Light  Bat- 
talion." The  Americans  were  so  harrassed  by  the  Brigade  that  they  vowed 
"No  Quarter."  In  derision,  to  prevent  mistakes,  the  Light  Battalion  dyed 
their  feathers  red;  the  46th  Foot  alone  has  retained  the  distinction. 

55th 

1757-82,  The  55th  Regiment  of  Foot.    Also  "Lord  Howe's"  in 

1858  and  "Prideaux's"  in  1759. 

i*1 

1881   (from)  Second  Battalion  "The  Border  Regiment." 
Nickname— "The  Two  Fives"  (to  the  55th  for  its  number). 


Notes.— The  Dragon  of  China  is  on  the  Regimental  Badge  of  the  55th 
in  honor  of  the  victorious  campaign  in  China  in  1840-4^. 


60  NEW  YORK   STATE   HISTORICAL  ASSOCIATION 

1st  and  4th  Battalions  60th. 

1755-57,  The  62nd  (Royal  American)  Regiment  of  Foot;  re- 
numbered. 

1757-1824,  The  60th  (Royal  American)  Regiment  of  Foot. 
1881  (from)  Second  Battalion  "The  Border  Regiment." 


Notes. — This  regiment,  though  possessing  no  "Colors,"  bears  more  hon- 
ors than  any  other  regiment,  the  Highland  Light  Infantry  coming  next 
with  twenty-nine.  Motto,  "Swift  and  Bold,"  bestowed  according  to  tradi- 
tion by  General  Wolfe  in  recognition  of  its  conduct  at  Quebec. 

80th. 

1758-64,  The  80th  (Light-armed)  Regiment  of  Foot.  Also 
"Gage's."  (Disbanded  1764). 

The  Royal  Regiment  of  Artillery. 

One  arm  or  other  of  this  branch  of  the  Service  has,  obviously, 
taken  part  in  every  campaign;  a  particularized  list  is  therefore 
unnecessary.  The  guns  are  the  "Colours"  of  the  Artillery,  and  as 
such  are  entitled  to  all  "parade  honours."  Formerly,  regimental 
honors  appear  to  have  been  worn  by  certain  companies.  Amongst 
such  are  "Niagara,"  "Leipsic,"  "Waterloo,"  and  "The  Dragon  of 
China." 

Nicknames — "The  Gunners;"  "The  Four-wheeled  Hussars"  (of 
the  Royal  Horse  Artillery). 


Notes. — Trains  of  artillery  seem  to  have  been  raised  in  the  time  of 
Henry  VIII,;  and  up  to  1716  appear  to  have  been  disbanded  after  each  cam- 
paign. In  1716  several  companies  received  permanent  corporate  existence, 
since  which  exigencies  of  modern  warfare  have  led  to  an  enormous  in- 
crease in  the  number  of  batteries.  But  from  first  to  last,  the  record  of  the 
Royal  Artillery  has  been  one  of  distinction,  and  it  may  fitly  be  said  to 
share  the  honors  of  all  other  regiments.  The  Royal  Irish  Artillery  were 
absorbed  in  1801,  and  the  East  India  Company's  Artillery  in  1858. 

BRITISH  REGIMENTS  AT  TICONDEROGA,  1759. 

1st. 

1751-1812,  The  1st,  or  The  Royal  Regiment  of  Foot,  also  the 
"Royals." 

1881  (from)  The  Royal  Scots  (Lothian  Regiment). 


THE    BLACK    WATCH    AT   TICONDEROGA  61 

Nickname — "Pontius  Pilate's  Body-Guard."  It  is  a  legend 
of  the  Regiment  that  the  Romans  carried  off  a  number  of  wild, 
war-like  Highlanders  as  prisoners  after  their  conquest  of  Britain, 
and  these  men  and  their  descendants  became  soldiers  of  the  Roman 
Empire  and  as  such  they  guarded  the  tomb  of  Our  Saviour  after 
the  crucifixion.  This  Scottish  company,  for  it  only  consisted  of 
one  hundred  men  under  a  centurion,  was  kept  distinct  from  the 
Roman  Army  proper.  At  the  time  of  the  crucifixion  they  were 
called  Pontius  Pilate's  Scots  Guards,  and  their  descendants  were 
the  nucleus  of  the  First  Royal  Scots  in  later  years. 


Notes. — The  oldest  Regiment  of  Foot  in  the  British  Army.  Tradition- 
ally regarded  as  the  ancient  body-guard  of  the  Scottish  kings,  this  famous 
corps  was  in  the  service  of  Sweden,  as  "Hepburn's  Regiment,"  from  1625 
to  1633;  and  in  that  of  France  from  1633  to  1678,  when  (under  Dumbarton) 
it  came  to  England.  It  received  its  title  in  1684  in  recognition  of  the  cap- 
ture of  a  Colour  from  the  Moors  at  Tangier.  At  Sedgemoor  (1685)  it  also 
captured  the  Duke  of  Monmouth's  Standard. 

17th. 

1751-82,  The  17th  Regiment  of  Foot.    Als«  "Forbes." 
1881  (from)  "The  Leicestershire  Regiment." 

Nicknames— "The  Bengal  Tigers"  (from  its  badge);  "The 
Lily-whites"  (from  its  facings). 


Notes — Mainly  raised  near  London;  twelve  regiments  in  all  were  formed 
in  1688,  but  this  and  the  16th  (The  Bedfordshire)  are  alone  in  commission 
now. 

27th. 
See  above,  Ticonderoga,  1758. 

42nd. 
See  above,  Ticonderoga,  1758. 

55th. 
See  above,  Ticonderoga,  1758. 

77th. 

1756-63,  The  77th  (Montgomery  Highlanders)  Regiment;  dis- 
banded 1763. 


62  NEW  YORK  STATE  HISTORICAL  ASSOCIATION 

80th. 
See  above,  Ticonderoga,  1758. 

Royal  Artillery. 
See  above,  Ticonderoga,  1758. 

I 

PROVINCIAL  REGIMENTS  AT  TICONDEROGA. 

(The  writer  will  have  to  admit  that  this  list  is  more  or  less 
incomplete,  even  the  N.  Y.  State  Library  at  Albany  had  only  scat- 
tered items.  It  would  seem  as  if  this  would  be  a  good  subject  for 
an  article  for  some  future  meeting  of  the  Association  and  any 
information  will  be  gratefully  received). 

1758. 

The  New  York  Colonial  Manuscripts,  edited  by  Callaghan, 
page  732,  in  the  list  of  regiments  having  officers  wounded  at  the 
battle  of  July  8,  1758,  gives  the  following  regiments:  Col.  De- 
Lanceys,  New  York;  Col.  Babcock's,  Rhode  Island;  Col.  Fitche's, 
Connecticut;  Col.  Worcester's,  Connecticut;  Col.  Bagley's,  Massa- 
chusetts; Col.  Partridge's,  Massachusetts;  Col.  Preble's,  Massachu- 
setts; Col.  Johnston's,  New  Jersey.  Parkmen  mentions  Col.  Brad- 
street  with  his  regiment  of  boatmen,  armed  and  drilled  as  soldiers 
and  it  is  also  certain  that  Roger's  Rangers  were  with  the  expedition. 

The  year  book  of  the  Maine  Chapter  of  the  Society  of  Colonial 
Wars  for  1900  gives  much  information  in  regard  to  Col.  Preble's 
regiment,  Maine  being  in  1758  a  part  of  Massachusetts.  Mention 
is  made  in  this  article  of  regiments  officered  by  "Col.  Doty,  Col. 
Joseph  Williams,  Col.  Nickols,  Col.  Whitings." 

Also  in  the  New  York  Colonial  Manuscripts,  Vol.  10,  P.  827 
it  mentions  a  force  of  about  3,000  men  nearly  all  of  whom  were 
provincials,  under  Col.  Bradstreet,  in  the  expedition  against  Fort 
Frontinac  after  the  battle  of  July  8,  1758,  and  of  the  number  of 
soldiers  engaged,  the  list  is  given  as  New  Yorkers  1112,  Col. 


THE   BLACK   WATCH   AT   TICONDEROGA  63 

Williams'  regiment  413,  Col.  Douty's  248,  Rhode  Island  318,  and 
Jersey  418." 

It  is  not  clear  whether  these  regiments  were  at  the  battle  of 
Ticonderoga  and  were  not  mentioned  in  list  page  732  of  the  New 
York  Colonial  Manuscripts  because  none  of  the  officers  were 
wounded,  or  whether  they  were  the  same  regiments  but  with 
different  officers,  a  change  having  been  made  after  the  battle. 

1759 

The  provincial  regiments  mentioned  in  Commissary  Wilson's 
Orderly  Book  as  being  in  the  Ticonderoga  expedition  of  1759  are 
as  follows:  Col.  Lyman's,  Connecticut;  Col.  Whiting's,  Connecti- 
cut; Col.  Worcester's,  Connecticut;  Col.  Fitch's,  Connecticut;  Col. 
Willard's,  Massachusetts;  Col.  Ruggle's,  Massachusetts;  Col. 
Lovell's,  New  Hampshire;  Col.  Schuyler's,  New  Jersey;  Col.  Bab- 
cock's,  Rhode  Island. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES  OF  AS  MANY  OF  THE 
OFFICERS  OF  1758  AS  COULD  BE  TRACED. 

James  Abercrombie. 

James  Abercrombie  was  promoted  to  a  captaincy  in  the  42nd 
or  1st  Battalion  of  the  Royal  Highlanders  on  the  16th  of  February, 
1756.  On  the  5th  of  May,  1759,  he  was  appointed  aid  de  camp 
to  Maj.  Gen.  Amherst,  with  whom  he  made  the  campaigns  of 
that  and  the  following  year.  On  the  25th  of  July,  1760,  he  was 
appointed  Major  of  the  78th  or  Eraser's  Highlanders  and  in 
September  following  was  employed  by  Gen.  Amherst  in  communi- 
cating to  the  Marquis  de  Vaudreuil  the  conditions  preparatory  to 
the  surrender  of  Montreal  and  in  obtaining  the  signature  of  that 
governor  to  them.  (Knox's  Journal).  The  78th  having  been  dis- 
banded in  1763,  Major  Abercrombie  retired  on  half  pay.  On  the 
27th  of  March,  1770,  he  again  entered  active  service  as  Lt.  Colonel 
of  the  22nd  Regiment  then  serving  in  America  under  the  command 


New    York    Colonial    Manuscripts    by    Broadhead,    Weed,    Parsons    Co., 
Albany,  1856,  page  160.     '. 


64  NEW  YORK  STATE  HISTORICAL  ASSOCIATION 

of  Lt.  Col.  Gage  and  was  killed  in  the  memorable  Battle  of  Bunker 
Hill  on  the  17th  of  June,  1775. 

Hugh  Arnot. 

Hugh  Arnot  was  taken  from  the  half  pay  list  and  appointed  a 
Lieutenant  in  the  42nd  Highlanders,  9th  April,  1756,  at  the 
augmentation  of  that  Regiment  on  its  coming  to  America,  and  was 
promoted  to  a  Company  on  the  27th  December,  1757.  He  served 
in  the  unfortunate  affair  of  Ticonderoga  in  1758,  and  in  1759 
accompanied  Amherst  as  above.  On  the  16th  August,  1760,  he 
exchanged  into  the  46th  Foot,  in  which  Regiment  he  continued  to 
serve  until  1769,  when  his  name  was  dropped  from  the  Army  List. 


Wilson's  Orderly  Book,  p.  143. 

Patrick  Balneaves. 

Patrick  Balneaves,  of  Edradour,  entered  the  42nd,  as  Ensign, 
28th  January,  1756,  and  was  promoted  to  be  Lieutenant  1st  April, 
1758;  he  was  wounded  at  Ticonderoga,  1758;  and  again  at  Martinico 
in  1762;  became  Captain-Lieutenant  23rd  August,  1763,  and  left 
the  army  in  1770. 


Stewart.     Army  Lists.     N.  T.  Colonial  Manuscripts,  p.  729,  Vol.  10. 

Allan  Campbell. 

Allan  Campbell,  son  of  Barcaldine,  entered  the  Army  as 
Ensign  of  the  43d  (now  the  42nd)  Highlanders,  Dec.  25,  1744,  and 
served  that  year  against  the  Pretender.  Was  made  prisoner  of  war 
at  Preston  Pans,  21st  Sept.  1745  and  sent  on  parole  to  Perth.  Was 
appointed  lieutenant  Dec.  1,  1746.  He  obtained  a  Company  13th 
of  May,  1755,  and  the  next  year  came  to  America,  where  he  shared 
the  difficulties  and  honors  of  the  Regiment.  In  June,  1759,  he  was 
appointed  Major  for  the  campaign  under  Amherst,  and  was  actively 
employed  at  the  Head  of  the  Grenadiers  and  Rangers,  clearing  the 
way  for  the  army  up  the  Lakes.  He  became  major  in  the  army 
15th  August,  1762,  and  went  on  halfpay  on  the  reduction  of  the 
regiment  in  1763,  having  obtained  a  grant  of  5,000  acres  of  land  at 
Crown  Point.  He  served  19  years  in  the  regiment.  In  1770,  he 
was  appointed  Major  of  the  36th  or  Herefordshire  Foot,  then 


AT  TICONDEROG-A 

Tablet  on  Boulder  near  French  Line?  at  Fort  Ticonderoga 
Tablet  in  Black  Watch  Memorial  at  Ticonderoga 


THE    BLACK    WATCH    AT   TICONDEROGA  65 

serving  in  Jamaica ;  became  Lieutenant-Colonel  in  the  army  in  May 
(1772),  and  of  his  regiment  in  January,  1778;  Colonel  in  the  Army, 
17th  Nov.  1780;  Major-General  in  1787;  and  died  1795.  His 
Regiment  did  not  serve  in  America  during  the  Revolutionary  War. 

An  extract  from  his  will  dated  2nd  March  1787,  reads:  "And 
whereas  I  am  under  a  grant  from  the  Crown  intitled  to  a  consider- 
able tract  of  land  and  heredits  situate,  lying  and  being  in  the 
Province  of  New  York  in  the  County  of  Albany  in  America, 
between  Ticonderoga  and  Crown  Point.  *  *  I  do  hereby  give,  devise 
and  bequeath  unto  my  two  sisters,  Isabella  Campbell,  (wife  of  John 
C.  of  Archalader,  in  the  Shire  of  Perth,  in  North  Britain,  aforesaid 
Esquire),  and  Jane  Campbell  of  Edinchip,  in  the  Shire  of  Perth, 
aforesaid,  widow  of  Colin  Campbell  of  Edinchip,  aforesaid,  Esq. 
deceased,  their  heirs,  executors,  Administrators,  and  Assigns,  all  my 
said  track  of  land  and  heredits,  in  America,"  etc. 


Browne,  IV,  150. 

Knox  Journal,  I,  373,  377,  387;  II.  401. 

Army  List.  Commissionary  Wilson's  Orderly  Book.  1759.  p.  18.  Stewart 
of  Garth  Appendix. 

Archibald  Campbell. 

Archibald  Campbell.  Born  1720.  Eldest  son  of  Duncan 
Campbell  of  Glendaruel  and  Lockhead.  His  mother  was  Elizabeth, 
daughter  of  the  Rev.  Archibald  Campbell  of  Inverary.  He  was 
appointed  Ensign  42d  Regt.  23d  Jan.  1756,  Lieut.  28th  July  1757, 
Captain  4th  Dec.  1759.  Died  3d  June  1762. 

Donald  Campbell. 

Donald  Campbell,  son  of  Donald  Campbell  Bailie  of  McKairn, 
Taynuilt  Argyll,  was  appointed  Ensign  in  the  42d  Regt.  of  Foot, 
5th  May  1756.  He  was  with  one  of  the  additional  companies  in 
the  "Anandall"  which  sprang  two  leaks,  lost  her  mizen  mast,  was 
attacked  three  times  by  Privateers  (which  they  beat  off  with  small 
arms),  and  was  driven  into  the  West  Indies,  so  that  she  did 
not  arrive  in  New  York,  in  time  for  the  company  to  join  the  attack 
on  Ticonderoga.  He  was  appointed  Lieut.  24th  July  1758  and 
retired  13th  June  1761,  having  served  with  the  Royal  Highlanders 
from  1758  to  1761. 

Highlanders  in  America  by  MacLean,  paare  176,  N.  T.  Colonial  Docu- 
ments, pag-e  629. 


66  NEW  YOBK   STATE  HISTORICAL  ASSOCIATION 

Duncan  Campbell  (Killochronan,  Island  of  Mall). 

"Extract  from  the  Memorial  of  Captain  Duncan  Campbell, 
American  Loyalist  Claims. 

"Humbly  Sheweth,  that  he  was  a  native  of  Great  Britain  and 
he  was  appointed  Ensign  in  the  42nd  Highlanders  26  January 
1756,  in  which  Corps  he  served  the  war  before  last  in  America 
and  the  West  Indies.  And  in  August  1763  the  Regiment  was 
ordered  on  an  expedition  to  the  relief  of  Fort  Pitt,  then  invested 
by  the  savages. 

On  the  march  he  was  severely  wounded  at  the  battle  of  Bushy 
Run,  and  for  a  long  time  rendered  unfit  for  service.  (In  this 
skirmishing  warfare  the  troops  suffered  much  from  the  want  of 
water  and  the  extreme  heat  of  the  weather)  which  occasioned  his 
retiring  on  half  pay  in  1764. 

He  soon  thereafter  settled  at  Fredricksburg,  Dutchess  Co.  in 
the  Prov.  of  New  York  (in  1769)  and  purchased  a  valuable  track 
of  land  from  Colonel  Beverly  Robinson  and  others  on  good  terms. 
In  1775  he  was  Colonel  of  Militia  and  Magistrate  for  the  said 
county. 

That  at  the  commencement  of  the  troubles  he  took  an  early 
and  decided  part  in  favor  of  His  Majesty's  government,  which 
rendered  him  so  obnoxious  to  the  popular  party  where  he  dwelt 
that  he  was  obliged  to  fly  to  New  York,  to  save  his  life,  from  the 
family  and  abandon  his  property  in  June  1775.  That  soon  after 
his  arrival  there  he  engaged  as  an  officer  in  the  2nd  Battalion 
Highland  Emigrant's  in  which  he  continued  doing  duty  until  the 
cessation  of  hostilities,  and  consequent  reduction  of  the  Regiment 
in  Nova  Scotia,  in  which  Province  he  now  dwells.  (2  Jannary  1784). 

That  early  in  June  1775  he  got  on  board  the  Asia  ship  of  war 
(64  gun  frigate)  then  stationed  in  New  York  and  soon  after  was 
joined  by  some;  recruits  he  had  engaged  to  follow  him.  In  July 
thereafter  he  went  to  Boston  where  Gen.  Gage  then  Commander-in- 
Chief,  gave  him  command  of  an  armed  transport  in  which  he 
returned  to  New  York  where  he  enlisted  and  received  on  board 
about  60  more  recruits.  That  in  September  he  returned  again  to 
Boston  where  he  left  all  his  recruits  except  26  which  were  left  on 
board  as  Marines,  on  the  8  October  he  was  sent  back  on  the  same 
service.  But  on  the  16  of  the  same  month  was  unfortunately  ship- 
wrecked on  the  coast  of  New  Jersey. 

On  this  service  he  lost  all  his  money  and  baggage  to  the 
amount  of  £100.  This  loss  His  Excellency  Sir  William  Howe,  then 
Commander-in-Chief,  would  not  think  of  reimbursing  at  the  time. 


„,     fn     H 

a  2  ®  rt 
3  JG  g  ~2 

*     §3 


-o  >: 

<D   O 

^^ 
0) 


c5 

3  a  2 


OH 


THE   BLACK   WATCH   AT   TICONDEBOGA  67 

In  consequence  of  the  shipwreck  he  and  his  party  had  the  misfor- 
tune to  be  made  prisoners  and  was  carried  to  Philadelphia  where 
he  was  fourteen  months  in  a  small  apartment  of  the  dismal  goal 
where  he  contracted  a  sickness  which  was  likely  to  prove  fatal  to 
him. 

How  soon  he  was  taken  his  family  were  turned  out  of  doors 
and  deprived  of  everything  they  had  except  some  wearing  apparell. 
The  distressed  situation  of  the  family  so  driven  from  their  home 
may  be  easier  felt  than  described.  It  brought  on  for  a  beginning 
the  untimely  death  of  an  amiable  wife,  and  deprived  his  five  infant 
children  of  a  mother's  care  whereby  they  for  some  time  became 
objects  of  compassion  which  he  was  unable  to  rescue  them  from. 
Until  he  was  exchanged  and  joined  his  Regiment  (in  January  1777) 
he  thereafter  continued  to  serve  during  the  war. 

N.  B.  The  Memorialist  was  appointed  Second  Oldest  Captain 
in  the  2nd  Batt.  84th  Regiment  the  14  June  1775  and  was  reduced 
in  October  1783  without  a  step  of  preferment  in  the  Regt.  or  in  the 
Line. 

Captain  4th  Breadalbane  Regt.  of  Fencibles  2nd  Batt.  1  March 
1793;  Major  17  Feb.  1794;  Lieut.  Col.  9  Dec.  1795;  Regiment  dis- 
banded 18  April  1799.  He  died  at  Edinburgh  in  Dec.  1799. 


Major  Sir  Duncan  Campbell  of  Barcaldin*,  Bart.  C.  V.  O. 
Stewart,  I  279;  II,  Appendix  No.  11. 

John  Campbell  of  Duneavis. 

John  Campbell,  of  Duneaves,  Perthshire,  was  originally  a 
private  in  the  Black  Watch.  In  1743,  he  was  presented,  with 
Gregor  McGregor,  to  George  II,  as  a  specimen  of  the  Highland 
soldier  and  performed  at  St.  James  the  broadsword  exercise  and  that 
of  the  Lochaber  axe,  before  his  Majesty  and  a  number  of  General 
officers.  Each  got  a  gratuity  of  a  guinea,  which  they  gave  to  the 
porter  at  the  gate  of  the  palace  as  they  passed  out.  Mr.  Campbell 
obtained  an  Ensigncy  in  1745  for  his  bravery  at  the  battle  of 
Fontenoy ;  was  promoted  to  be  Captain-Lieutenant,  16th  February, 
1756,  and  landed  in  New  York  the  following  June.  He  was  among 
the  few  resolute  men  who  forced  their  way  into  the  work  at 
Ticonderoga,  on  the  8th  of  July,  where  he  was  killed. 

John  Campbell  of  Glendaruel. 

John  Campbell  of  Glendaruel,  born  in  1721,  was  appointed 
Ensign  of  the  42nd  Regt.  of  Foot  25th  Sept.,  1745;  Lieutenant  16th 


68  NEW  YORK  STATE  HISTORICAL  ASSOCIATION 

May,  1748;  Captain  Lieut.  2nd  July  1759;  and  Captain  20th  July 
1760;  Captain  27th  or  Inniskilling  Regiment  of  Foot  25th  March 
1762;  Major  Supt.  of  Indian  Affairs  in  the  Province  of  Quebec  2nd 
July,  1773;  Lieut.  Col.  of  Indian  Affairs  29th  August  1777;  and 
Colonel  16th  Nov.  1790. 

He  married  Marianna  St.  Lucan  (date  not  given)  and  died 
Montreal,  23rd  June  1795. 

"In  the  course  of  a  long  and  meritorious  service  with  his 
Regiment,  the  42nd  Highlanders,  in  all  its  campaigns  from  the 
Rebellion  in  1745  to  the  attack  on  Ticonderoga,  where  he  was 
wounded  on  the  8th  July,  1758,  and  the  conquest  of  Canada,  Mar- 
tinique, and  Havanna.  He  subsequently  served  in  the  expedition 
commanded  by  General  Burgoyne,  at  the  head  of  a  number  of 
Indians,  and  was  distinguished  for  his  spirited  conduct  as  an  officer, 
adorned  by  that  elegance  and  politeness  which  mark  the  accom- 
plished gentleman  and  his  virtues  in  private  life  endeared  him  to 
his  family  and  companions. 

His  remains  were  attended  to  the  grave  in  a  manner  suitable 
to  his  rank.  Not  only  by  a  very  numerous  assembly  of  citizens 
of  all  ranks,  but  by  a  large  body  of  Indian  warriors,  whose  very 
decent  behavior  evinced  the  sincerity  with  which  they  partook  of 
the  universal  regret  occasioned  by  the  loss  of  so  very  respectable 
a  member  of  society." 


Major  Sir  Duncan  Campbell  of  Barcaldine,  Bart.  C.  V.  O. 

John  Campbell  of  Strachur. 

John  Campbell  of  Strachur,  in  the  Highlands  of  Scotland, 
entered  the  Army  in  June,  1745,  as  Lieutenant  of  Loudon's  High- 
landers; served  through  the  Scotch  Rebellion;  made  the  Campaign 
in  Flanders,  1747,  and  was  promoted  to  a  company  on  the  1st 
October  of  that  year.  At  the  peace  of  1748,  he  went  on  Half -Pay 
and  so  remained  until  the  9th  April,  1756,  when  he  was  appointed 
to  the  42nd  Highlanders  previous  to  the  embarcation  of  that  Regi- 
ment for  America.  He  was  wounded  in  the  attack  on  Ticonderoga 
in  1758,  and  was  appointed  by  General  Amherst  Major  of  the 
17th  Foot  on  the  llth  July,  1759;  was  promoted  to  be  Lieutenant- 


THE   BLACK    WATCH    AT    TICONDEEOGA  69 

Colonel  in  the  Army,  1st  February,  1762  and  commanded  his  Regi- 
ment in  the  expedition  that  year  against  Martinico  and  Havana. 
On  the  1st  May,  1773,  he  became  Lieutenant-Colonel  of  the  57th 
or  West  Middlesex  Foot,  returned  to  America  in  1776  with  his 
Regiment  at  the  breaking  out  of  the  Revolution;  was  appointed 
Maj.  General  19th  February,  1779,  Colonel  of  his  Regiment  2d 
November,  1780,  and  commanded  the  British  Forces  in  West 
Florida,  where  after  a  gallant  though  ineffectual  defence  he  was 
obliged  to  surrender  Pensacola  to  the  Spaniards  10th  May,  1781. 
He  became  Lieutenant-General  28th  September,  1787;  General  in 
the  Army,  26th  January,  1797,  and  died  in  the  fore  part  of  1806. 


Brown,  IV.,  155,  159. 

Stewart's  Sketches  of  the  Highlanders,  I,  295,  306.  359.  370;  II.  5,  app. 
iii;  Knox  Journal,  I,  373;  II,  401;  Beatson's  Naval  and  Mil.  Mem.  V,  50,  226- 
233;  VI,  274-280;  Army  Lists.  Wilson's  Orderly  Book,  page  94. 

Moses  Campbell. 

A  native  of  Scotland,  joined  the  42nd  Regt.  and  was  promoted 
Sergeant. 

Served  with  this  Regiment  throughout  the  war  of  French  and 
Indians  in  America  of  1756-63,  discharged  at  the  reduction,  and 
settled  with  his  family  on  a  portion  of  Maj.  Allan  Campbell's 
(same  Regt.)  grant  of  land,  situated  on  the  south  (bank)  side  of 
Lake  Champlain,  between  Crown  Point  (about  5  miles  above  the 
point)  and  Ticonderoga. 

Also  served  (possibly  in  the  Royal  Highland  Emigrants,  bounty 
50s  rendezvous  Lake  Champlain,  1775)  in  the  War  of  Independence 
of  1775,  (for  which  his  property  was  confiscated,  including  boats.) 

He  died  in  active  (British)  service  on  the  18th  Feb.  1781. 

His  widow,  Elizabeth,  and  seven  children  claimed  366  pounds 
for  losses,  allowed  80  pounds. 

N.  B.  On  behalf  of  her  son,  Alexander,  (aged  21  years),  50 
pounds,  who  complained  that  one  of  the  rebels  was  now  living  in 
his  house,  Feb.  1783. 

Gordon  Graham. 

Gordon  Graham  of  Drainie  in  the  Highlands  of  Scotland,  wa8 
appointed  ensign  in  the  43rd  Highlanders  in  Oct.  25,  1739,  and  was 


70  NEW  YORK  STATE  HISTORICAL  ASSOCIATION 

made  lieutenant  June  24,  1743.  He  served  in  Flanders  and  shared 
in  the  defeat  at  Fontenoy  in  1745,  after  which  the  Regiment 
returned  home.  In  1747  he  made  another  campaign  in  Flanders. 
On  August  7,  1747,  he  was  appointed  captain.  In  1749  the  number 
of  the  regiment  was  changed  to  the  42d  and  Mr.  Graham  obtained 
a  company  in  it  3d  June,  1752,  came  to  America  in  1756,  was  at 
the  surrender  of  Fort  William  Henry  under  Colonel  Munro  in 
1757,  and  was  wounded  at  Ticonderoga  in  1758.  The  Major  of 
the  Regiment  having  been  killed  on  that  occasion  Captain  Graham 
succeeded  to  the  vacancy,  July  17th,  1758,  and  made  the  campaign 
of  1759  and  1760  under  Amherst.  He  next  served  in  the  West 
Indies  in  the  expedition  against  Martinique  and  July  9, 1762, 
became  Lieutenant  Colonel  of  the  Regiment,  which  returned  to  New 
York,  and  in  the  year  1763,  proceeded  to  the  relief  of  Fort  Pitt, 
defeating  the  Indians  on  the  way  in  the  Battle  of  Bushy  Run.  In 
December,  1770,  he  retired  after  31  years  of  service  in  the  Regiment. 
As  his  name  does  not  appear  in  the  army  list  of  1771  it  is  presumed 
that  he  died  at  this  time. 


Brown's  Highland  Clans   IV,   139,   159.     Beatson's  Naval  and  Mil.  Mem. 
II,  530.     Wilson's  Orderly  Book,  p.  14. 

John  Graham. 

John  Graham  was  the  brother  of  Thomas;  entered  the  42nd 
regiment  as  Ensign  and  was  promoted  to  a  Lieutenancy  25th 
January,  1776;  was  wounded  at  Ticonderoga  1758;  became  Captain 
in  February,  1762,  and  was  again  wounded  at  Bushy  Run  in  1763; 
shortly  after  which  his  company  having  been  disbanded,  he  went 
on  half  pay.  He  rejoined  the  regiment  25th  December,  1765,  and 
is  dropped  in  1772,  having  attained  the  rank  of  field  officer. 


Stewart  I,  359,  Army  Lists.     N.  Y.  Col.  Manuscripts,  p.  729,  Vol.  10. 

Thomas  Graham. 

Thomas  Graham,  or  Graeme,  of  Duchay,  entered  the  43rd,  or 
Black  Watch,  as  Ensign  June  30,  1741;  was  promoted  to  a  Lieu- 
tenancy August  6,  1746,  and  obtained  a  company  February  15, 
1756,  shortly  before  the  regiment,  then  the  42nd,  came  to  America. 
He  served  in  the  several  Campaigns  on  the  northern  lakes;  was 


S  o 


S.S 

11 

«  c 


THE   BLACK    WATCH    AT    TICONDEROGA  71 

wounded  at  Ticonderoga  in  1758;  was  again  wounded  at  the  battle 
of  Bushy  Run,  near  Pittsburg,  in  1763;  served  in  the  subsequent 
campaigns  against  the  Indians,  and  embarked  for  Ireland  in  1767. 
He  succeeded  Major  Reid  31st  March,  1770,  and  became  Lieuten- 
ant-Colonel 12th  December  following.  He  retired  from  the  army 
December,  1771,  after  30  years  of  service. 


Army  Lists.     Stewart.     N.  T.  Colonial  Manuscripts,  p.  729,  Vol.  10. 

Francis  Grant. 

Francis  Grant,  son  of  the  Laird  of  Grant,  and  brother  of  Sir 
Ludovick  Grant,  of  Grant,  Scotland,  was  received  from  half-pay 
in  Loudon's  Regiment  and  was  made  ensign  in  the  Black  Watch 
Oct.  25,  1739.  Nov.  5,  1739,  he  was  made  lieutenant;  June  18, 
1743,  captain;  and  Oct.  3,  1745,  he  became  major.  A  vacancy 
occurring  in  the  lieutenant-colonelcy,  in  December,  1755,  the  men 
of  the  Regiment  subscribed  a  sum  of  money  among  themselves  to 
purchase  the  step  for  him,  but  it  was  not  required;  he  had  already 
obtained  his  promotion.  He  accompanied  the  Regiment  to  America 
in  1756  and  was  present  at  the  bloody  battle  of  Ticonderoga,  July 
8,  1758,  where  he  was  wounded.  In  the  following  year  he  accom- 
panied Amherst  on  his  expedition,  and  in  1760  was  in  command 
of  the  van  of  the  Army  from  Oswego  to  Montreal.  In  1761  he 
commanded  the  Army  sent  to  the  south  to  chastise  the  Cherokees. 
He  served  as  Brigadier-General  in  the  expedition  against  Martinico 
in  1762,  and  on  the  19th  of  February  of  that  year  became  colonel 
in  the  army.  On  July  9,  1762,  after  twenty-three  years  of  service 
in  the  Black  Watch  Regiment,  he  was  removed  and  appointed  to 
the  command  of  the  90th  Light  Infantry.  In  August,  1762,  he 
commanded  the  4th  Brigade  at  the  siege  of  Havana  and  went  on 
half  pay  at  the  peace  of  1763.  In  November,  1768,  he  became  colonel 
of  the  63rd;  Major-General  in  1770;  and  Lieutenant-General  in 
1777.  He  died  at  the  beginning  of  1782  (Army  Lists). 

Lieut.-Gen.  Grant's  daughter  was  married  to  the  Hon.  and  Rt. 
Rev.  George  Murray,  fourth  son  of  the  Duke  of  Athol,  and  Bishop 
of  St.  David's. 


Brown's   Highland   Clans,   IV,   155. 
Knox's  Journal,  II,  404,  410,  465. 
Beateon  N.  and  M.,  Mem.  Ill,  363,  359. 
Debrett's  Peerage.     Wilson's  Orderly  Book,  p.  3. 


72  NEW  YORK   STATE  HISTORICAL  ASSOCIATION 

James  Grant. 

James  Grant,  appointed  Ensign,  Nov.  20,  1746;  Lieutenant, 
Jan.  22,  1756;  Captain,  Dec.  26,  1760;  removed  Aug.  13,  1762, 
after  16  years  of  service  in  the  Regiment  and  was  made  Fort-Major 
Limerick.  Died  in  1778.  He  was  wounded  at  Tioonderoga. 


Stewart  of  Garth,  Appendix. 

William  Grant. 

William  Grant,  appointed  Ensign,  Oct.  1,  1745;  Lieutenant, 
May  22,  1746;  Captain,  July  23,  1758;  Major,  Dec.  5,  1777;  retired 
August,  1778,  after  33  years  of  service  with  rank  of  Brevet  Lieut- 
Colonel.  He  was  wounded  at  the  battle  of  Ticonderoga. 


Stewart  of  Garth,  Appendix. 

James  Gray. 

James  Gray  was  taken  from  the  Half-pay  list  and  appointed 
Lieutenant  in  the  42nd  Royal  Highlanders  30th  January,  1756. 
His  name  is  omitted  in  the  Army  List  of  1765. 


Stewart's  Highlanders.     Wilson's  Orderly  Book,  page  83. 

Robert  Gray. 

Robert  Gray,  appointed  Ensign,  June  6,  1745 ;  Lieutenant,  June 
9,  1747;  Captain,  July  22,  1758.  He  was  wounded  at  Ticonderoga. 
Aug.  2,  1759,  after  14  years  of  service  in  the  Regiment,  he  was 
promoted  to  the  55th  Regiment.  He  died  in  1771  with  rank  of 
Lieut.-Colonel. 


Stewurt   »f  Garth,  Appendix. 

Alexander  Mclntosh. 

Alexander  Mclntosh  was  taken  from  half  pay  in  1756  and 
appointed  Lieutenant  in  the  42nd.  He  was  wounded  at  Ticonderoga, 
1758,  and  again  at  Martinico  in  1762,  and  was  promoted  to  a 
company  24th  July  of  the  same  year.  He  went  on  half  pay  in  1763 
and  was  not  again  called  on  active  service  until  25th  December, 


THE   BLACK    WATCH    AT    TICONDEROGA  73 

1770,  when  he  was  appointed  to  the  10th  regiment  then  serving  in 
America.  Captain  Mclntosh  was  killed  at  the  storming  of  Fort 
Washington,  16th  November,  1776. 


Army  Lists.  Beateon's  Naval  and  Military  Memoirs.  N.  T.  Colonial 
Manuscripts,  p.  729.  Vol.  10. 

Norman  McLeod. 

Norman  McLeod  entered  the  army  as  ensign  of  the  42d  January 
1756,  and  was  promoted  to  Lieutenancy  in  the  69th  in  June  1761. 
At  the  peace  of  1763  he  elected  to  remain  in  this  country  and 
received  3,000  acres  of  land  and  retired  on  half  pay.  Sometime 
later  he  was  appointed  Commissioner  at  Niagara  under  Sir  William 
Johnson.  At  the  breaking  out  of  the  War  of  the  Revolution  he 
offered  his  services  to  Governor  Martin  of  North  Carolina.  Later 
lie  was  captured  and  was  a  prisoner  for  about  five  years. 


"Wm.  M.  McBean,  Secy.  St.  Andrew's  Society  of  the  State  of  New  York. 

John  MacNeil. 

John  MacNeil  was  appointed  ensign,  Aug.  6,  1742,  lieutenant 
Oct.  10,  1745;  Captain,  Dec.  16,  1752;  Major,  July  9,  1762.  He 
died  at  the  siege  of  Havana  in  1762  after  20  years  of  service  in  the 
Regiment. 


Stewart  of  Garth,  Appendix. 

David  Milne. 


David  Mill,  or  Milne,  received  a  commission  as  Lieutenant  in 
this  Corps  19th  July,  1757;  was  wounded  at  Ticonderoga  in  1758, 
and  again  at  Martinique  in  1762;  retired  from  the  army  at  the 
peace  of  1763. 


N.  T.  Colonial  Manuscripts,  p.  729,  Vol.  10. 


James  Murray. 

James  Murray,  second  son  of  Lord  George  Murray,  by  his 
marriage  with  Amelia  Murray,  heiress  of  Strowan  and  Glencaree, 
and  grandson  of  the  first  Duke  of  Atholl,  was  bora  at  Tulhbardme 


74  NEW  YORK  STATE  HISTORICAL  ASSOCIATION 

on  the  19th  of  March,  1734,  and  it  is  interesting  to  know  that  Lord 
John  Murray,  who  was  destined  in  after  years  to  be  his  colonel, 
was  called  upon  to  be  his  godfather.  A  commission  as  Lieutenant 
in  the  Saxon  Grenadier  Guards  was  obtained  for  him  in  1749,  and 
he  joined  his  regiment  in  1751.  He  served  against  the  forces  of 
Frederick  the  Great  until  the  Saxon  Army  capitulated  at  Pirna  on 
the  Elbe  in  October,  1756.  He  was  released  on  parole  and  returned 
to  Scotland  in  1757  and  on  the  nomination  of  his  uncle,  James 
Duke  of  Atholl,  was  given  a  captain's  commission  in  the  Black 
Watch  and  was  placed  in  command  of  one  of  the  three  additional 
companies  then  being  raised  for  service  in  America.  He  reached 
New  York  in  April,  1758,  and  commanded  Captain  Reid's  company 
in  the  unsuccessful  attack  on  Ticonderoga — his  own  company  hav- 
ing been  left  in  garrison  at  Fort  Edward.  He  was  wounded  but 
was)  soon  able  to  return  to  duty  and  took  part  in  the  successful 
expedition  of  1759  to  Lake  Champlain.  Toward  the  close  of  that 
year  he  was  given  command — by  Lord  John  Murray's  desire — of 
the  Grenadier  Company  of  the  newly-raised  2nd  Battalion,  and 
with  this  battalion  he  served  in  the  advance  on  Montreal  in  1760 
and  in  the  capture  of  Martinique  in  1762.  He  was  wounded  here 
and  invalided  home  and  was  on  sick  leave  for  more  than  six  years.* 
He  rejoined  the  Black  Watch  in  1768  and  in  1769  was  appointed 
Captain-lieutenant  in  the  3rd  Foot  Guards,  obtaining  his  promotion 
as  Captain  and  Lieutenant-colonel  the  following  year.  In  1772  he 
was  elected  member  of  Parliament  for  Perthshire,  a  position  which 
he  held  for  twenty-two  years.  He  was  appointed  Governor  of 
Upnor  Castle  in  1775  and  Fort  William  in  1780,  but  these  were 
merely  nominal  posts  and  did  not  interfere  with  his  other  duties. 
In  1776  he  bought  Strowan  (originally  the  property  of  his  mother), 
from  his  nephew,  the  fourth  Duke  of  Atholl. 

On  the  outbreak  of  the  War  of  Independence,  Col.  Murray 
offered  to  raise  a  regiment  of  Highlanders  for  service  in  America, 
but  this  offer  was  refused,  and  in  March,  1777,  he  was  sent  out  to 
join  the  brigade  of  Guards  under  General  Howe  in  New  Jersey. 
He  was  with  Lord  Cornwallis  at  Quibbletown  and  presumably  took 
part  in  the  actions  at  Brandy  wine  and  Germantown  in  1777.  He 
spent  the  following  winter  in  quarters  at  Philadelphia,  and  left 
America  in  the  summer  of  1778  and  joined  the  Atholl  Highlanders 


THE    BLACK    WATCH    AT   TICONDEBOGA  75 

in  Ireland  in  September  of  that  year,  of  which  regiment  he  was 
given  the  command.  This  regiment  remained  in  Ireland  during 
the  war,  at  the  conclusion  of  which  it  was  disbanded.  James 
Murray  was  appointed  Lieutenant-colonel-commandant  of  the  78th 
Highlanders  in  1783,  but  as  he  was  already  a  general  officer  he 
never  did  any  duty  with  this  regiment.  After  1783  General 
Murray  resided  a  good  deal  at  Strowan;  in  1786  he  was  promoted 
full  Colonel  of  the  78th  (by  that  time  the  72nd) ,  and  in  1793  he  was 
made  Lieutenant-general.  In  March,  1794,  he  felt  himself  obliged 
to  resign  his  seat  in  Parliament  owing  to  ill  health  and  a  few  days 
later — on  the  19th  of  March — he  died  in  London  and  was  buried 
in  St.  Margaret's,  Westminster. 

Of  Lord  George  Murray's  three  sons,  General  James  seems  to 
have  been  the  one  who  most  resembled  his  father.  He  had  inherited 
the  Jacobite  General's  sympathetic  knowledge  of  Highland  charac- 
ter, something  of  his  pride,  and  the  same  affectionate  disposition. 
And  that  he  had  at  least  a  share  of  his  father's  determination, 
and  presence  of  mind  is  shown  by  two  anecdotes  which  have 
been  handed  down  with  regard  to  him.  One  of  these  refers  to  his 
earlier  days,  and  is  to  the  effect  that,  having  been  attacked  by  a 
highwayman  one  night  that  he  was  driving  over  a  heath  near 
London,  he  leant  out  of  the  window  of  the  chaise,  "groped  in  the 
dark  for  the  ears  of  his  assailant's  horse,"  and  with  the  brief  but 
expressive  exclamation.  "Thereut's-"  fired  a  shot  which  ended  the 
highwayman's  career.  The  other  relates  that  during  the  Gordon 
Riots  of  1780  Colonel  James  Murray  was  seated  next  Lord  George 
Gordon  in  the  House  of  Commons  at  the  very  moment  at  which  the 
mob  threatened  to  break  into  the  House.  Colonel  Murray  with  a 
soldier's  instinct  drew  his  sword,  pointed  it  at  Lord  George,  and 
notwithstanding  that  he  was  his  cousin,  declared  his  intention  of 


Army    Lists:      Brown's    Highl.    Clans,    IV,    159,    300,    304,    306.      Wilson's 
Orderly  Book,  p.   67.     Military  History  of  Perthshire,  p.  411-413. 

Stewart   of  Garth   gives   the   following:  in   regard   to   General  Murray's 
wound,  received  at  the  capture  of  Martinique;  (page  126,  Vol.  10.) 

"The  musket  ball  entered  his  left  side,  under  the  lower  rib ,  Passed 1  up 
through  the  left  lobe  of  the  lung,   (as  ascertained  after  his  deati h)   cross* 
his  chest,  and  mounting  up  to  his  right  shoulder,  lodged  under  the  scapula 
His   case   being  considered   desperate,   the   only  object  of  th«  .f^*6.?"™ 
to  make  his  situation  as  easy  as  possible  for    the  few  hours  they  •«PP°"d 
he  had   to  live;  but,   to  the  great  surprise  of  all,  he i  was  on .his  legs  in  a 
few  weeks,  and,   before   he   reached   England,   was  S™JJ£S**SS**4* 
least   his    health    and    appetite    were    restored.      He   was    "«™r   afterwards- 
however,  able  to  lie  down;  and  during  the  thirty-two  yea  no f  h_ '»  fub«e- 
quent  life,  he  slept  in  an  upright  posture,  supported  in  hia  bed  by  pillows. 


76  NEW  YORK  STATE  HISTORICAL  ASSOCIATION 

running  him  through  the  body  if  a  single  one  of  the  rioters  should 
enter.  His  promptness  saved  the  situation,  but  he  had  committed 
a  breach  of  the  privileges  of  the  House  and  was  ordered  to  apologize 
on  bended  knee  to  the  Speaker.  Colonel  Murray  made  the  required 
amende,  but  on  rising  from  his  knee  took  out  his  handkerchief  and 
dusted  it,  remarking,  "Damned  Dirty  House  this;  sooner  it's  cleaned 
out  the  better." 

Lord  John  Murray. 

Lord  John  Murray,  born  on  the  14th  of  April,  1711,  was  the 
eldest  son  of  John,  first  Duke  of  Atholl,  by  his  second  wife,  the 
Hon.  Mary  Ross,  and  half-brother  to  John,  Marquess  of  Tullibar- 
dine,  and  Lord  George  Murray.    He  became  an  ensign  in  the  3rd 
Foot  Guards  (now  the  Scots  Guards)  in  1727,  and  a  captain  in  the 
same  regiment  in   1738.     Immediately  after  the  mutiny   of  the 
regiment  in  1743  he  applied  for  the  colonelcy  in  the  42nd  or  Black 
Watch,  but  he  did  not  obtain  the  appointment  he  so  greatly  desired 
until  two  years  later.    In  July,  1743,  he  was  appointed  first  aide- 
de-camp  to  George  II   and  was   in  attendance  on  the  King  in 
Germany  at  the  close  of  the  Dettingen  campaign,  but  returned  to 
England  without  having  taken  part  in  any  engagements.    In  April 
1745,    when    at   last   gazetted    colonel   of   the   Black   Watch,    he 
proceeded  to  join  his  regiment  in  Flanders,  but  arrived  too  late 
for    Fontenoy.      He  distinguished    himself,    however,    during    the 
subsequent  retreat  of  the  British  army  to  Brussels,  by  his  defence  of 
a  pass  which  the  French  attacked  by  night.    For  this  service  he  was 
publicly  thanked  by  the  Duke  of  Cumberland.    In  1745  he  returned 
home  with  his  regiment  but  in  1747  he  was  in  the  Netherlands 
taking  part  in  the  attempted  relief  of  Hulst.    After  the  surrender 
of  the  town  by  the  Dutch  Governor,  Lord  John  commanded  the  rear- 
guard in  the  retreat  to  Welsharden,  and  shortly  afterwards,  having 
been  ordered  to  take  part  in  the  defence  of  Bergen-op-Zoom,  he 
was  placed  in  command  of  the  British  troops  in  the  lines  there.    At 
the  close  of  operations  he  received  a  message  of  approbation  from 
the  King. 

In  1755  he  was  promoted  major-general,  and  in  1758  lieuten- 
ant-general, but  although  he  offered  his  services  more  than  once, 
he  was  not  employed  abroad  during  the  Seven  Years'  War.  He 
took  the  keenest  interest,  however,  in  all  the  exploits  of  his  regiment 


From  "A  Military  History  of  Perthshire' 
Lord  John  Murray,  Colonel  the  Black  Watch,  1745  to  1787 


THE   BLACK    WATCH    AT   TICONDEROGA  77 

and  worked  hard  to  raise  a  second  battalion  in  1758.  Stewart 
of  Garth  tells  us  that  when  the  men  who  had  been  disabled  at 
Ticonderoga  appeared  before  the  Board  of  Chelsea  to  claim  their 
pensions,  Lord  John  went  with  them  and  explained  their  case  in 
such  a  manner  to  the  commissioners  that  they  were  all  successful. 
He  gave  them  money,  got  them  a  free  passage  to  Perth,  and 
offered  a  house  and  garden  to  all  who  chose  to  settle  on  his  estate. 
General  Stewart  also  describes  how,  when  the  42nd  at  last  returned 
from  America  in  1767,  Lord  John,  who  had  been  for  weeks  at  Cork 
awaiting  its  arrival,  marched  into  that  town  at  its  head. 

Lord  John  was  a  great  deal  with  the  regiment  while  it  was 
quartered  in  Ireland,  and,  according  to  Stewart  of  Garth,  was 
"ever  attentive  to  the  interest  of  the  officers  and  vigilant  that 
their  promotion  should  not  be  interrupted  by  ministerial  or  other 
influence."  He  was  also  "unremitting  in  his  exertions  to  procure 
the  appointment  of  good  officers,  and  of  officers  who  understood 
perfectly  the  peculiar  dispositions  and  character  of  the  men."  For 
this  reason  he  strenuously  endeavored  to  exclude  all  but  the  mem- 
bers of  Scots — and  more  especially  Highland — families.  He  was 
equally  particular  that  only  Gaelic-speaking  men  and  Protestants 
should  be  recruited  for  the  ranks. 

In  spite  of  his  military  duties  Lord  John  resided  a  good  deal 
in  the  country — and  not  only  at  the  home  of  his  boyhood — for 
early  in  life  he  bought  Pitnacree  in  Strathtay,  and  in  later  years 
he  had  also  a  house  in  Perth.  He  represented  Perthshire  in  Par- 
liament from  1734  to  1761.  In  1758  he  married  Miss  Dalton  of 
Bannercross — a  Derbyshire  heiress,  by  whom  he  had  one  daughter. 
In  1770  he  became  a  full  general.  His  last  military  achievement 
was  the  raising  in  1779  and  1780  (at  his  own  expense)  of  another 
second  battalion  to  the  42nd.  This  battalion  so  distinguished  itself 
in  India  that  in  1786  it  was  placed  permanently  on  the  establish- 
ment under  the  title  of  the  73rd  Regiment,  the  veteran  to  whose 
patriotism  it  owed  its  existence  died  on  the  26th  day  of  May,  1787, 
at  the  age  of  seventy-six,  the  senior  officer  in  the  Army. 

Lord  John  made  the  most  of  such  chances  as  occurred  of 
distinguishing  himself  in  the  field,  but  those  opportunities  were 
small  for  he  never  served  in  any  war  but  the  Austrian  Succession. 


78  NEW  YORK  STATE  HISTORICAL  ASSOCIATION 

It  is  therefore  as  the  Colonel  of  the  Black  Watch  that  his  name  has 
survived — as  a  man  who  understood  the  Highland  soldiers  well 
enough  to  wish  to  command  them  at  a  time  when  to  many  that 
might  have  seemed  a  task  of  great  difficulty — and  who,  having  at 
last  obtained  the  post  he  desired,  completely  identified  himself 
with  the  interests  of  his  men,  and  for  upwards  of  half  a  century 
was  the  "friend  and  supporter  of  every  deserving  officer  and  soldier 
in  the  regiment." 


Military  History  of  Perthshire,  page  382-384. 

John  Reid. 

John  Reid  was  the   eldest  son  of  Alexander   Robertson   of 
Straloch,  but  the  head  of  the  family  had  always  been  known  as 
"Baron  Reid"  and  the  General  and  his  younger  brother,  Alexander 
(who  was  an  officer  in  the  42nd),  adopted  the  more  distinctive 
surname  early  in  life.  He  was  born  at  Inverchroskie  in  Strathardle, 
on  the  13th  of  February,  1721,  and  received  his  early  education 
at  Perth.    Being  destined  for  the  law,  he  was  afterwards  sent  to 
Edinburgh  University.    Nature,  however,  had  intended  him  for  a 
soldier,  and  in  June,  1745,  having  recruited  the  necessary  quota 
of   men,   he   obtained   a   commission   as   lieutenant   in   Loudon's 
Highlanders.    He  was  taken  prisoner  at  Prestonpans  the  following 
September,  but  when  released  the  following  spring  he  rejoined  his 
regiment  and  was  able  to  render  important  service  to  the  Govern- 
ment.    From  1747  to  1748  he  served  in  Flanders  with  Loudon's 
Highlanders  and  took  part  in  the  defence  of  Bergen-op-Zoom,  but 
on  the  reduction  of  his  regiment  at  the  Peace  of  Aix-la-Chapelle  he 
was  placed  on  half-pay.    In  1751  he  bought  a  captain-lieutenant's 
commission  in  the  Black  Watch   and  in   1752   a  commission  as 
captain  in  the  same  regiment.    Four  years  later  on  the  outbreak  of 
the  war  with  France,  he  sailed  with  his  regiment  to  America.    He 
was  not  present  at  the  first  attack  on  Ticonderoga  as  he  had  been 
left  behind  sick  at  Albany,  and  his  company  was  commanded  in 
that  desperate  engagement  by  Captain  James  Murray.    In  1759, 
Reid,  by  that  time  a  major,  took  part  in  the  second  advance  to 
Lake  Champlain,  which  resulted  in  the  surrender  of  Forts  Ticon- 
deroga and  Crown  Point;  and  on  him  devolved  the  command  of 
the  42nd  during  the  greater  part  of  the  campaign  of  1760  which. 


THE   BLACK   WATCH   AT   TICONDEBOGA  79 

ended  with  the  capture  of  Montreal  and  the  expulsion  of  the  French 
from  Canada. 

Reid  remained  in  America  with  the  42nd  until  Dec.,  1761, 
when  he  accompanied  it  to  the  West  Indies.  He  served  in  the 
capture  of  Martinique  and  at  the  storming  of  Morne  Tortenson, 
on  Jan.  24,  1762,  was  in  command  of  the  1st  Battalion  of  his 
regiment.  His  battalion  suffered  heavy  loss  and  he  was  wounded 
in  two  places,  but  recovered  in  time  to  take  part  in  the  expedition 
against  Havana  of  that  same  year.  After  the  surrender  of  Cuba 
he  returned  to  America.  In  1764  Reid  acted  as  second-in-command 
of  Colonel  Bouquet's  arduous  but  successful  expedition  against  the 
Indians  on  the  Ohio  and  Muskingum  Rivers.  In  the  following  year 
we  hear  of  him  fitting  out  an  expedition  which  was  to  be  sent  to 
the  Illinois  country  under  the  command  of  Captain  Thomas  Stirling 
of  the  42nd. 

About  1760,  Reid  married  an  American  lady  of  Scots  descent, 
Susanna  Alexander,  daughter  of  James  Alexander,  surveyor-general 
of  New  York  and  New  Jersey.  She  owned  property  on  Otter 
Creek  in  what  is  now  the  State  of  Vermont,  which  was  added  to 
and  improved  by  her  husband  with  the  result  that  at  the  end  of 
ten  years  Reid  owned  "about  thirty-five  thousand  acres  of  very 
valuable  land"  near  Crown  Point  and  had  "obtained  from  the 
Governor  and  Council  of  New  York  a  warrant  of  survey  for  fifteen 
thousand  more,"  which  he  intended  to  "erect"  into  a  manor. 

In  1767  the  Royal  Highland  Regiment  left  America  for  Ireland 
and  Reid  presumably  accompanied  it.  In  1770  Reid  retired  on 
half -pay,  intending  no  doubt  to  settle  down  to  the  enjoyment  and 
improvement  of  his  American  estates.  However,  in  1772  his 
tenants  were  expelled  by  the  people  of  Bennington  "on  the  pretence 
of  having  claim  to  that  country  under  the  Government  of  New 
Hampshire,  notwithstanding  that  the  King  in  Council  had,  ten 
years  before,  decreed  Connecticut  River  to  be  the  Eastern  Boundary 
of  New  York."  In  1775  war  broke  out  with  the  American  colonists, 
and  though  his  case  finally  came  before  the  Commissioners  for 
American  Claims,  the  only  compensation  awarded  him  was  a  trifling 
allowance  for  mills  he  had  erected  and  for  fees  he  had  paid  for 
surveys.  In  May,  1778  his  father's  estate,  Straloch,  passed  under 


80  NEW  YORK   STATE  HISTORICAL  ASSOCIATION 

the  hammer  as  he  was  unable  to  pay  the  mortgages  and  his  son 
could  give  him  no  help. 

Notwithstanding  that  he  was  a  comparatively  poor  man,  in 
1779-1780  Reid  raised  at  his  own  expense  a  regiment  of  foot,  of 
which  he  was  appointed  colonel.  This  was  called  the  95th  and  was 
disbanded  in  1783.  In  1781  Reid  was  promoted  major-general,  and 
in  1793  a  lieutenant-general.  He  was  appointed  colonel  of  the  88th 
Regiment  (Connaught  Rangers)  in  November,  1794,  and  became  a 
general  in  1798.  In  1803,  when  an  invasion  was  hourly  expected, 
Reid,  in  response  to  an  order  that  all  general  officers  not  employed 
on  the  staff  should  transmit  their  addresses  to  the  Adjutant-Gen- 
eral, wrote  that  though  in  the  eighty-second  years  of  his  age  "and 
very  deaf  and  infirm,"  he  was  still  ready  to  use  his  feeble  arm  in 
defence  of  his  country.  He  died  in  the  Haymarket  on  the  6th  of 
February,  1807,  and  was  buried  in  St.  Margaret's,  Westminster. 

The  General  would  probably  have  had  but  little  property  to 
dispose  of  at  his  death,  had  he  not  in  1796  succeeded  to  a  valuable 
estate  of  some  four  or  five  thousand  acres  in  Nova  Scotia,  which 
was  left  to  him  by  his  cousin,  Gen.  John  Small,  "as  a  mark  of  .... 
respect  ....  and  attachment  to  the  preservation  of  his  name  and 
representation  for  succeeding  ages."  Reid's  daughter  had  made  a 
marriage  of  which  he  disapproved,  she  had  no  children,  and  his 
only  brother  had  died  in  1762  during  the  siege  of  Havana.  It  was 
probably  these  circumstances  that  induced  him  to  realize  the 
property  in  Nova  Scotia  and  at  the  time  of  his  death  he  was  worth 
some  £52,000.  This  entire  fortune,  went  after  the  death  of  his 
daughter,  to  the  University  of  Edinburgh  to  found  a  musical 
professorship.  He  also  left  directions  that  a  concert  should  be  given 
annually  on  or  about  his  birthday  to  commence  with  several  pieces 
of  his  own  composition,  among  the  first  of  which  is  that  of  the 
"Garb  of  Old  Gaul,"  a  composition  written  by  Sir  Charles  Erskine, 
but  set  to  music  by  Reid  while  major  of  the  42nd,  and  which  has 
ever  sence  been  a  regimental  march. 

Reid  also  composed  several  military  marches  and  was  esteemed 
the  best  gentleman  player  on  the  German  flute  in  England.  It  may 

N.  T.  Documentary  History  IV. 

Military  History  of  Perthshire  pp.  387-395. 


From  "A  Military  History  of  Perthshire' 
Officers  in  the  Black  Watch  1758-9 


THE   BLACK   WATCH   AT   TICONDEBOGA  81 

safely  be  predicted  that  as  long  as  the  University  exists  this  old 
Perthshire  soldier  of  the  18th  century  will  be  remembered  as  one 
of  its  benefactors. 

John  Small. 

John  Small  was  the  third  son  of  Patrick  Small,  who  married 
Magdalen  Robertson,  sister  of  Alexander  Robertson,  the  father  of 
General  John  Reid.  Reid  and  Small  were  thus  not  only  neighbors 
and  brother-officers,  but  first  cousins,  and  were  evidently  on  terms 
of  close  friendship.  Born  in  Strathardle,  Atholl,  Scotland,  in 
1730,  Small,  like  many  of  his  countrymen  of  that  date,  began  his 
military  career  with  the  Scots  Brigade  in  Holland,  being  appointed 
a  2nd  lieutenant  in  the  Earl  of  Drumlanrig's  Regiment  when  it  was 
raised  for  service  of  the  States-General  in  1747.  How  long  he 
remained  abroad  is  unknown  but  it  is  probable  that  he  returned  to 
England  when  the  regiment  was  reduced  in  1752.  He  did  not, 
however,  obtain  a  commission  in  the  British  army  until  four  years 
later,  when  he  was  appointed  lieutenant  in  the  42nd,  just  prior  to 
its  departure  for  America.  So  far  as  is  known,  Small  took  part 
in  all  the  campaigns  in  which  his  regiment  was  engaged  from  1756 
to  1763.  He  fought  at  Ticonderoga  in  1758,  served  with  General 
Amherst's  successful  expedition  to  Lake  Champlain  in  the  following 
year,  and  took  part  in  the  operations  which  completed  the  conquest 
of  Canada  in  1760.  After  the  surrender  of  Montreal  he  was  sent 
in  charge  of  French  prisoners  to  New  York,  and  we  learn  from 
a  brother  officer  that  General  Amherst  had  great  confidence  in  him, 
and  frequently  employed  him  "on  particular  services."  Two  years 
later  he  served  in  the  capture  of  Martinique  and  Havana  and 
obtained  his  promotion  as  captain. 

At  the  peace  of  1763  Small  was  placed  on  half-pay,  but, 
according  to  General  Stewart,  he  was  almost  immediately  put  on 
the  full-pay  list  of  the  North  British  Fusiliers  (21st)  and  when  in 
1767  the  Black  Watch  left  for  Europe,  most  of  the  men  of  that 
regiment  who  had  volunteered  to  stay  in  America  joined  the  Fusi- 
liers in  order  to  serve  under  Small,  who  was  "deservedly  popular" 
with  them.  Small,  however,  cannot  have  served  long  with  the  21st, 
for  in  the  same  year  in  which  the  Black  Watch  left  America  he 
was  appointed  "major  of  brigade"  to  the  forces  in  North  America. 


82  NEW  YORK  STATE  HISTORICAL  ASSOCIATION 

It  was  probably  during  the  interval  between  the  Seven  Years'  War 
and  the  war  with  the  Americans  that  he  began  to  acquire  the 
property  in  Nova  Scotia,  part  of  which  he  afterwards  bequeathed 
to  his  cousin,  John  Reid.  We  have  some  indication  that  during 
this  period  he  interested  himself  in  local  politics  and  formed  the 
friendship  of  at  least  one  American  which  was  of  value  to  him  later. 

Small  served  throughout  the  War  of  Independence  though  but 
rare  glimpses  are  obtained  of  him.  He  was  present  as  a  brigade- 
major  at  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill,  June  17,  1777,  and  in  the  course 
of  that  day  his  life  was  saved  by  the  American  General  Putnam, 
who,  seeing  Small  standing  alone  at  a  time  when  all  around  him 
had  fallen,  struck  up  the  barrels  of  his  men's  muskets  to  save 
his  life.  Shortly  after  this,  Small  raised  the  2nd  battalion  of  the 
Royal  Highland  Regiment  and  was  appointed  major-commandant. 
In  1778  the  regiment  was  numbered  the  84th  and  in  1780  he  was 
promoted  to  lieutenant-colonel-commandant  of  his  battalion.  He  is 
said  to  have  joined  Sir  Henry  Clinton  at  New  York  in  1779,  but  it 
is  more  probable  that  he  was  stationed  for  the  most  part  in  Nova 
Scotia.  In  March,  1783,  Small  and  his  battalion  were  at  Fort 
Edward,  New  York,  and  in  the  following  autumn  the  battalion  was 
disbanded  at  Windsor,  Nova  Scotia,  where  many  of  the  men  settled 
and  formed  the  present  town  of  Douglas. 

Small,  once  more  on  half-pay,  returned  home  and  in  1790  was 
promoted  colonel  and  three  years  later  was  appointed  lieutenant 
governor  of  Guernsey.  In  October,  1794,  he  became  major-general 
and  on  the  17th  of  March,  1796,  he  died  in  Guernsey  and  was 
buried  in  the  church  of  St.  Peter  Port. 

General  Stewart  of  Garth  wrote  of  General  John  Small  that 
"No  chief  of  former  days  ever  more  fairly  secured  the  attachment 
of  his  clan,  and  no  chief,  certainly,  ever  deserved  it  better.  With 
an  enthusiastic  and  almost  romantic  love  for  his  country  and  coun- 
trymen, it  seemed  as  if  the  principal  object  of  his  life  had  been  to 
serve  them,  and  promote  prosperity.  Equally  brave  in  leading 
them  in  the  field,  and  kind,  just,  and  conciliating  in  quarters,  they 
would  have  indeed  been  ungrateful  if  they  regarded  him  otherwise 


Stewart  II.  143.     Military  Hist.,  of  Perthshire,  pp.  396-399. 


THE   BLACK   WATCH   AT   TICONDEROGA  83 

than  as  they  did.    There  was  not  an  instance  of  desertion  in  his 
battalion." 

James  Stewart  of  Urrard. 

James  Stewart  of  Urrard,  obtained  a  company  in  the  42nd, 
July  18th,  1757.  He  was  wounded  at  Ticonderoga,  1758.  He  sold 
out  after  the  peace. 


Stewart  I,  306,  359.     N.  T.  Col.  MSS.,  p.  729,  Vol.  10. 

Thomas  Stirling. 

Thomas  Stirling,  second  son  of  Sir  Henry  Stirling,  of  Ardoch, 
was  born  October  8,  1731.  He  began  his  military  career  in  the 
Dutch  service,  being  given  a  commission  as  ensign  in  the  1st 
Battalion  of  Col.  Marjoribanks'  Regiment  on  the  30th  of  September, 
1747,  and  was  probably  placed  on  half-pay  when  the  establishment 
of  the  Scots  Brigade  was  reduced  in  1752.  On  the  24th  of  July, 
1757,  having  been  nominated  by  James,  Duke  of  Atholl,  and  having 
raised  the  requisite  number  of  men,  he  was  gazetted  captain  of  one 
of  the  three  companies  added  to  the  42nd  in  that  year.  In 
November,  1757,  he  sailed  for  America,  where  he  served  with  his 
regiment  in  the  campaigns  of  the  ensuing  years,  though  he  was  not 
present  at  the  first  attack  on  Ticonderoga,  owing  to  the  fact  that 
the  new  companies  had  been  left  behind  to  garrison  Fort  Edward. 
He  took  part  in  the  capture  of  Martinique  in  1762  and  was  wounded 
but  was  able  to  serve  in  the  capture  of  Havana  later  in  that  year. 
He  returned  with  his  regiment  to  America  and  in  August,  1765, 
was  sent  in  command  of  a  company  to  take  possession  of  Fort  de 
Chartes  on  the  Mississippi.  After  holding  this  fort  that  winter 
and  spring,  he  returned  with  his  detachment  to  the  regiment  in 
June,  1766.  The  following  year  the  42nd  left  America  and  for 
upwards  of  eight  years  was  quartered  in  Ireland,  after  which  it  was 
for  a  short  time"  in  Scotland.  In  1770  Stirling  was  gazetted  major 
of  the  regiment,  and  1771  lieutenant-Colonel-commandant.  Hos- 
tilities broke  out  with  the  Americans  in  1775,  and,  Stirling,  having 
in  five  months  raised  the  strength  of  his  regiment  from  350  men  to 
1.200,  returned  with  it  in  the  following  spring  to  America,  where 
he  commanded  it  continuously  for  three  years  during  the  war.  He 
took  part  in  the  engagement  at  Brooklyn,  the  attack  on  Fort 


84  NEW  YOBK  STATE  HISTORICAL  ASSOCIATION 

Washington,  the  expedition  to  Pennsylvania,  battle  of  Monmouth, 
and  others.  During  1778-9  he  was  stationed  at  or  near  New  York. 
In  June,  1779,  he  accompanied  a  force  under  General  Mathews 
through  New  Jersey  in  an  attempt  to  rally  the  supposed  loyalists 
of  that  state.  This  was  unsuccessful  and  ended  in  the  destruction 
of  the  town  of  Springfield.  General  Stirling  was  so  severely 
wounded  while  leading  the  attack  that  he  could  take  no  further 
part  in  the  war.  His  thigh  was  broken  and  fearing  to  be  rendered 
incapable  of  further  service  he  refused  to  have  it  amputated.  He 
recovered  and  was1  invalided  home  but  he  does  not  appear  after  this 
to  have  been  ever  again  fit  for  active  duty.  In  1782  he  was 
promoted  major-general  and  appointed  colonel  of  the  71st  Foot,  but 
his  regiment  was  disbanded  the  following  year.  His  services  were 
rewarded  with  a  baronetcy  and  in  1790,  he  became  colonel  of  the 
41st  Regiment.  In  1796  he  was  promoted  lieutenant-general,  and 
in  1799  he  succeeded  his  brother  in  the  baronetcy  of  Ardock.  He 
attained  the  rank  of  general  in  1801  and  died  unmarried  on  the 
9th  of  May,  1808. 

Kenneth  Tolmie. 

Kenneth  Tolmie  was  commissioned  a  lieutenant  in  the  42nd 
Highlanders,  23rd  January,  1756,  and  promoted  to  the  Command 
of  a  Company  27th  July,  1760.  His  name  is  dropped  after  the 
Peace  of  1763. 


Wilson's  Orderly  Book,  p.  166. 

Alexander  TurnbuU. 

Alexander  Turnbull  of  Stracathro,  appointed  ensign,  June  3, 
1752;  lieutenant,  Sept.  27,  1756;  captain,  Aug.  14,  1762.  After  11 
years  of  service,  he  went  on  half -pay  in  1763 ;  full  pay  of  the  32nd 
Foot.  He  died  in  1804  with  rank  of  major. 


Stewart  of  Garth,  Appendix. 


THE    BLACK    WATCH    AT    TICONDEBOGA  85 

K 

ORIGINAL  REGIMENTAL  LIST  OF  THE  BLACK  WATCH. 

From  A  Military  History  of  Perthshire,  pages  51,  52,  and 
The  Black  Watch  Chronicle,  1913,  pages  6-8. 

No.  1  Company. 

Colonel  and  Captain  John,  Earl  of  Crawford.  Died  1748. 
Captain-Lieutenant  Duncan  Mackfarland.  Retired  1744. 
Ensign  Gilbert  Stewart  of  Kincraigie. 

No.  2  Company. 

Lieutenant-Colonel  and  Captain  Sir  Robert  Munro,  Bart.,  of  Foulis. 

Killed  at  Falkirk  1746. 
Lieutenant  Paul  Macferson. 
Ensign  Archibald  Macknab,  younger  son  of  the  Laird  of  Macnab. 

Died  Lieut.  General,  1790. 

No.  3  Company. 

Major  and  Captain  George  Grant.    Removed  from  the  service  by 

sentence  of  Court-martial,  1746. 

Lieutenant  John  MacKenzie  of  Rencraig  (?Kincraig). 
Ensign  Collin  Campbell. 

No.  4  Company. 

Captain  Collin  Campbell,  Jr.,  of  Monzie.    Retired  1743. 
Lieutenant  Alexander  Macdonald 

Ensign  James  Campbell  of  Glenfalloch.    Died  of  wounds  at  Fon- 
tenoy. 

No.  5  Company. 

Captain  James  Colquhoun  of  Luss.    Promoted  to  be  Major.    Re- 
tired in  1748. 

Lieutenant  George  Ramsay. 
Ensign  James  Campbell  of  Stronslanie.1 


86  NEW  YORK   STATE  HISTORICAL  ASSOCIATION 

No.  6  Company. 

Captain  John  Campbell  of  Carrick.    Killed  at  Fontenoy. 
Lieutenant  John  MacLean  of  Kingairloch. 
Ensign  Dougall  Stewart  (of  Appin?). 

No.  7  Company. 

Captain  Collin  Campbell  of  Balliemore.    Retired. 

Lieutenant  Malcom  Frazer,  son  of  Culduthel."   Killed  at  Bergen-op- 

Zoom,  1747. 
Ensign  Dougal  Stewart. 

No.  8  Company. 

Captain  George  Munro  of  Culcairn,  brother  of  Foulis.    Killed  1746. 
Lieutenant  Lewis  Grant  of  Auchterblair. 
Ensign  John  Menzies  of  Comrie. 

No.  9  Company. 

Captain  Dougal  Campbell  of  Craignish.    Retired  in  1745. 

Lieutenant  John  Mackneil. 

Ensign  Gordon  Graham  of  Draines.3 

No.  10  Company. 

Captain  John  Monro  of  Newmore.    Promoted  to  be  Lt.  Col.  1743; 

retired  1749. 
Lieutenant  Francis  Grant,  son  of  the  Laird  of  Grant.*    Died  Lieut.- 

General  1782. 
Ensign  Edward  Carrick. 
Surgeon  George  Monro. 
Quarter  Master  John  Forbes. 
Chaplain  Hon.  Gideon  Murray. 
Adjutant  John  Lindsay.5 


1.  Stewart   of  Garth   calls   him   Dougal  Campbell,   but   he   appears   as 
James  in  his  commission. 

2.  It  is  not  stated  to  which  companies  Lieutenant  Malcolm  Frajer  and 
Francis   Grant   belonged.     No   other   lieutenants   are   mentioned   for   Bailie- 
more  and  Newmore;  they  have  therefore  been  assigned  respectively  to  them. 

3.  i.  e.  Drynie.     A  younger  son  of  the  Laird. 

4.  See  note  to  Lieutenant  Malcolm  Fraser. 

6.  Garth  gives  the  adjutant  as  being  Gilbert  Stewart  (presumably  the 
ensign  to  the  Colonel's  Company.)  He  probably  acted  in  this  capacity  until 
John  Lindsay  was  gazetted  to  the  regiment. 


THE   BLACK   WATCH   AT   TICONDEROGA 


87 


OFFICERS  OF  THE  42ND  ROYAL  HIGHLAND  REGIMENT 

AS  COPIED  FROM  THE  BRITISH  ARMY  LIST, 

PUBLISHED  20TH  JUNE,  1759. 

Col.  Lord  Jno.  Murray,  Lt.  Gen. 


Lt.  Col.  Francis  Grant. 
Major  Gordon  Graham. 
Capt.  John  Reid. 
Capt.  John  McNeil. 
Capt.  Allan  Campbell. 
Capt.  Thomas  Graeme. 
Capt.  James  Abercrombie. 
Capt.  John  Campbell. 
Capt.  James  Stewart. 
Capt.  James  Murray. 
Capt.  Thomas  Stirling. 
Capt.  Francis  McLean. 
Capt.  Archibald  Campbell. 
Capt.  Alexander  St.  Clair. 
Capt.  William  Murray. 
Capt.  John  Stuart. 
Capt.  Alexander  Reid. 
Capt.  William  Grant. 
Capt.  David  Haldane. 
Capt.  Lieut.  Robert  Gray. 
Lieut.  John  Campbell. 
Lieut.  Kenneth  Tolme. 
Lieut.  James  Grant. 
Lieut.  John  Graham. 
Lieut.  Alex.  Turnbull. 
Lieut.  Alex.  Campbell. 
Lieut.  Alex.  Mclntosh. 
Lieut.  James  Gray. 
Lieut.  John  Small. 
Lieut.  Arch.  Campbell,  Sen. 
Lieut.  James  Campbell. 
Lieut.  Archibald  Lament. 


Lieut.  Gordon  Clunes. 
Lieut.  James  Fraser. 
Lieut.  John  Robertson. 
Lieut.  John  Grant. 
Lieut.  George  Leslie. 
Lieut.  Duncan  Campbell. 
Lieut.  Adam  Stuart. 
Lieut.  Donald  Campbell. 
Lieut.  George  Grant. 
Lieut.  James  Mclntosh. 
Lieut.  Robert  Robertson. 
Lieut.  John  Smith. 
Lieut.  Peter  Grant. 
Lieut.  Alex.  Farquharson. 
Lieut.  John  Campbell,  Jr. 
Lieut.  George  Sinclair. 
Ensign  Elbert  Herring. 
Ensign  William  Brown. 
Ensign  Thomas  Fletcher. 
Ensign  Alex.  Donaldson. 
Ensign  William  Mclntosh. 
Ensign  Patrick  Sinclair. 
Ensign  Archibald  Campbell,  Jun 
Ensign  John  Gregor. 
Ensign  Lewis  Grant. 
Ensign  Archibald  Campbell,  Sen 
Ensign  John  Graham. 
Ensign  Allen  Grant. 
Ensign  John  Leith. 
Ensign  Charles  Menzies. 
Ensign  Archibald  McNab. 
Ensign  John  Chas.  St.  Clair. 


88  NEW  YORK  STATE  HISTORICAL  ASSOCIATION 

Lieut.  David  Mills.  Ensign  John  Gordon. 

Lieut.  Simon  Blair.  Ensign  Neil  McLean. 

Lieut.  David  Barclay.  Ensign  Thomas  Cunison. 
Lieut.  Archibald  Campbell,  Jr.  Sergt.  Phineas  McPherson. 

Lieut.  Alex  Mackay.  Chaplain  James  Stewart. 

Lieut.  Robert    Menzies.  Adj.  James  Grant. 

Lieut.  Patrick  Balneavis.  Aldj.  Alex  McLean. 

Lieut.  John  Campbell,  Sen.  Quarter  Master  John  Graham. 

Lieut.  Alex.  McLean.  Quarter  Master  Adam  Stewart. 

Lieut.  George  Sinclair.  Surgeon  David  Hepburn. 

Lieut.  John  Murray.  Surgeon  Robt.  Drummond. 

Agt.,  Mr.  Drummond,  Spring  Garden. 


The  following  corrections  were  interlined  in  ink  in  the  above  Army 
List  of  1759,  which  was  found  in  the  British  Museum: 

Capt.  John  Reid  was  made  Major.  Augr.  5,  1759. 

Capt.  John  Campbell,  removed  to  the  17th. 

Capt.  David  Haldane,  removed  to  a  Regiment  at  Jamaica. 

Lieut.  Alexander  McLean,  made  captain  of  corps  of  Highlanders. 

Lieut.  George  Sinclair,  dead. 

Lieut.  George  Sinclair,  removed  to  Crawford's  Regiment. 

Ensign  Thomas  Fletcher,  made  lieutenant  June  1,  1759. 

Ensign  William  Mclntosh,  removed  to  Keith's  Corps. 

Sergt.   Phineas  McPherson,   made  ensign  June   1,   1759. 

Lauchlan  Johnson,  made  chaplain  20th  August,  1759,  in  place  of  James 
Stewart. 

Alexander  Donaldson,  made  adjutant  20th  March,  1759,  in  place  of 
Alexander  McLean. 


REFERENCES  TO  THE  BLACK  WATCH  IN  THE  1769 

CAMPAIGN    TAKEN   FROM    "COMMISSARY 

WILSON'S  ORDERLY  BOOK." 

Albany,  22  May,  1759.  Two  companies  of  the  Royal  Highland 
Regiment  are  also  to  receive  batteaux  and  load  them  with  provision 
and  baggage.  A  sergeant  and  12  men  of  the  Rhode  Island  Regiment 
are  to  relieve  a  party  of  the  Royal  Highland  Regiment  at  the  Half- 
Way  House  on  the  way  to  Schenectady;  they  are  to  march  tomor- 
row morning  and  carry  six  days'  provision  with  them. 

Albany,  23d  May,  1759.  Three  captains  of  the  Royal  High- 
landers summoned  among  others  to  a  general  Court  Martial,  of 
which  Col.  Francis  Grant  was  President,  to  set  tomorrow  at  the 
Town  House  in  Albany  at  3  o'clock  to  try  all  prisoners  that  may 
be  brought  before  them. 


THE    BLACK    WATCH    AT   TICONDEROGA  89 

Albany,  26th  May,  1759.  An  officer  and  25  men  of  the  Royal 
Highland  Regiment  with  a  week's  provision  to  be  sent  this  after- 
noon to  Widow  McGinnes  House  to  protect  settlement;  one 
Company  of  the  Royal  Highland  Regiment  to  march  tomorrow 
morning  at  5  o'clock ;  they  will  take  their  tents  and  camp  equipage 
with  them,  for  which  a  wagon  will  be  allowed  on  sending  to  Col. 
Bradstreet  for  it;  the  officer  commanding  that  company  to  call 
upon  the  General  this  night.  The  General  Court  Martial  of  which 
Col.  Grant  is  President  to  meet  again  tomorrow  at  8  o'clock. 

Albany,  31st  May,  1759.  The  Royal  Highland  Regiment  to 
march  tomorrow  morning  at  5  o'clock  to  Halfmoon,  where  they 
will  take  the  artillery  under  their  charge  and  escort  the  same  to 
Fort  Edward. 

Fort  Edward,  6th  June,  1759.  Lieut.  Col.  Robinson  will  mark 
out  the  Camp  tomorrow  morning  at  5  o'clock  that  the  Regiments 
may  take  up  their  ground  as  they  arrive;  the  Regiments  to  encamp 
*  *  *  Royal  Highlanders  on  the  right.  A  Serj.  and  16  men  of  ye 
Royal  Highlanders  to  take  the  General's  Guard. 

Fort  Edward,  7th  June,  1759.  The  Regiments  are  not  to 
change  their  encampment  until  the  ground  be  quite  dry. 

Fort  Edward,  8th  June,  1759.  The  Regiments  to  change  their 
encampment  this  day  at  12  o'clock. 

Fort  Edward,  9th  June,  1759.  Field  Officer  for  the  Picquit 
tomorrow,  Major  Graham.  The  Light  infantry  of  the  Highland 
Regiment  is  to  practice  firing  ball  tomorrow  morning  at  6  o'clock, 
near  the  Royal  Block  House  on  the  other  side  of  the  river. 

The  Royal  Highland  Regiment  to  furnish  2  captains,  6  subs., 
and  200  men  *  *  *  ;  this  detachment  to  take  batteaux  tomorrow 
morning  at  day  break.  The  Royal  Highland  Regiment  to  take  20 
batteaux,  and  60  of  the  200  men  with  arms  to  serve  as  a  covering 
party.  The  whole  to  take  provisions  for  tomorrow  with  them;  they 
are  to  proceed  to  Col.  Haviland's  Camp,  opposite  to  Fort  Miller, 
where  the  commanding  officer  will  apply  to  Col.  Haviland  who  will 
order  the  batteaux  to  be  immediately  loaded,  that  the  whole  party 
may  return  to  Fort  Edward  without  loss  of  time. 


90  NEW  YORK  STATE  HISTORICAL  ASSOCIATION 

Fort  Edward,  10th  June,  1759.  Field  Officer  for  the  Picquit 
this  night  Major  (Gordon)  Graham,  for  tomorrow  Major  (Allen) 
Campbell,  Colonel  of  the  day,  Col.  (Francis)  Grant.  Two  cap- 
tains of  the  Royal  Highlanders  to  sit  with  others  in  General  Court 
Martial  tomorrow  morning  at  8  o'clock,  to  try  such  prisoners  as 
are  on  the  Provost  Guard.  The  Royal  Highlanders  and  Mont- 
gomery's Regiments  to  send  as  many  men  this  afternoon  at  4 
o'clock  as  are  necessary  to  clean  the  ground  where  the  Light  In- 
fantry is  to  encamp.  They  will  receive  axes  on  applying  to  the 
store-keeper  in  the  Fort,  which  they  will  return  when  they  have 
finished  that  work. 

Fort  Edward,  llth  June,  1759.  Colo,  of  the  day,  Col.  Grant, 
Field  Officer  of  the  Picquits,  Major  Campbell. 

Fort  Edward,  12th  June,  1759.  Block  Houses  to  be  relieved 
tomorrow  by  the  Line  *  *  *  the  one  joining  the  east  side  of  the 
Bridge  by  1  Sub.,  2  Serjts.,  2  corpls.  and  24  men  of  the  Royal 
Highlanders;  the  one  in  the  front  of  the  Right  of  the  Royal,  one 
Serjt.,  one  Corpl.  and  10  men  of  the  Royal  Highlanders. 

Fort  Edward,  13th  June,  1759.  The  Royal  Highland  Regiment 
to  strick  their  tents  tomorrow  at  Revallie  Beating.  The  Royal 
Highlanders  posted  in  their  Block  Houses  as  per  ordered  of  yes- 
terday, to  be  relieved  immediately. 

Fort  Edward,  17th  June.  The  First  Battalion  Massachusetts 
to  strike  their  tents  at  Revallie  Beating  and  march  half  an  hour 
after  to  the  Halfway  Brook  where  the  commanding  officer  will  put 
himself  under  the  command  of  Col.  Grant. 

Fort  Edward,  19th  June,  1759.  The  Royal  Highlanders  will 
furnish  one  Sub.  and  30  men  towards  the  working  party  required 
tomorrow  to  repair  the  roads. 

Fort  Edward,  20th  June.  Capt.  Campbell  of  the  Royal  High- 
land Grenediers  is  appointed  Major  to  the  Battalion  of  Grenediers 
for  the  Campaign. 

Lake  George,  22d  June,  1759.  The  Royal  Highlanders  to 
receive  one  day's  fresh  beef  tomorrow. 


THE  BLACK   WATCH   AT  TICONDEBOGA  91 

Lake  George  24th  June.  Field  Officer  for  tomorrow,  Major 
Graham. 

Lake  George,  26th  June,  1759.  The  Royal  Highlanders  to 
receive  7  days'  provisions  tomorrow. 

Lake  George,  27th  June.  Generals  Guard  tomorrow,  Royal 
Highlanders.  2  Companies  of  Grenediers  with  2  Companies  of 
Light  Infantry  ordered  this  morning  with  as  many  Rangers  and 
Indians  as  Maj.  Rogers  can  furnish,  the  whole  commanded  by 
Maj.  Campbell,  to  march  tomorrow  two  hours  before  daybreak  by 
the  same  route  Col.  Haviland  took;  which  post  Capt.  Johnson  will 
show,  and  to  remain  there  whilst  the  boats  are  fishing.  They  are 
to  take  one  day's  provisions  and  to  go  as  light  as  possible  as  they 
are  not  only  a  covering  party  to  the  boats,  but  to  attack  any  body 
of  the  enemy  they  may  find. 

Lake  George,  5th  July,  1759.  A  General  Court  Martial  to 
set  tomorrow  morning  at  the  President's  Tent  at  8  o'clock  for  the 
trial  of  a  man  suspected  of  robbery  *  *  *  Major  Graham  and  two 
captains  of  the  Royal  Highlanders  to  attend. 

Lake  George  8th  July,  1759.  The  Royal  Highlanders  will  take 
the  Gen's  Guard  tomorrow  half  an  hour  after  4. 

Lake  George,  llth  July,  1759.  Capt.  John  Campbell  of  the 
Royal  Highlanders  is  appointed  Major  in  the  late  Forbes,  and  is 
to  be  obeyed  as  such.  Royal  Highlanders  to  receive  35  batteaux. 
Oars  and  whatever  else  belongs  to  the  batteaux  will  be  delivered 
at  the  same  time.  Each  batteaux  will  carry  12  barrels  of  flour  or 
9  of  pork  when  ordered  to  load,  and  it  is  supposed  will  have  about 
20  men  or  a  few  more  in  each  battoe. 

Lake  George,  12th  July.  A  General  Court  Martial  of  the 
Regulars  to  be  held  tomorrow  morning  at  6  o'clock.  Col.  Grant 
President,  Major  John  Campbell  to  attend. 

Lake  George,  13th  July.  Colonel  of  the  Day  tomorrow,  Col. 
Grant.  Field  Officer  tomorrow  night,  Major  Graham.  Generals 
Guard  tomorrow,  Royal  Highlanders.  The  General  Court  Martial 
of  which  Col.  Grant  was  President,  is  dissolved.  Royal  Highland- 


92  NEW  YORK   STATE   HISTORICAL  ASSOCIATION 

ers  to  receive  a  proportion  of  flour  for  five  days  wihch  they  are 
to  get  baked  tomorrow  and  keep. 

Lake  George,  19th  July,  1759.  The  Royal  Highlanders  one  of 
the  Regiments  appointed  to  sit  in  general  Court  Martial  tomorrow 
at  6  o'clock.  The  Regiments  to  load  their  batteaux  tomorrow 
morning  beginning  at  5  o'clock  in  the  following  manner,  Montgom- 
ery's Pork,  Royal  Highlanders,  Flour,  *  *  *  two  regiments  to  load 
at  a  time,  one  flour  and  one  pork,  and  to  be  allowed  an  hour  for 
loading,  and  when  loaded  to  return  to  their  stations. 

Lake  George,  20th  July,  1759.  For  the  day  this  day,  Regulars, 
Col.  Grant.  On  landing  the  Col.  Grant  to  take  the  command  of 
the  late  Forbes'  Brigade. 

Camp  near  Ticonderoga,  22d  July.  For  the  Picquit  tomorrow 
night,  Major  Graham. 

Camp  before  Ticonderoga,  23d  July,  1759.  Collo.  of  the  day 
tomorrow,  Collo.  Grant.  Field  Officer  of  the  Picquits  this  night, 
Major  Graham. 

Camp  at  Ticonderoga,  24th  July,  1759.  Serjt.  Murray  of  the 
Royal  Highland  Regiment  is  appointed  to  oversee  people  making 
Fasciens,  and  to  keep  an  account  of  the  number  made. 

Camp  at  Ticonderoga,  25th  July,  1759.  The  following  car- 
penters *  *  *  James  Frazer,  George  McDougall,  James  Frazer,  John 
McColme,  John  Robinson,  James  Gumming,  and  James  McDonald 
of  the  Royal  Highlanders  to  be  at  the  sawmills  tomorrow  at  5 
o'clock  and  if  Capt.  Loreing  should  not  be  there  they  will  receive 
their  directions  from  Brigadier  Ruggles. 

The  Royal  Highland  Regiment  to  draw  tomorrow  early  two 
days  bisquit  and  two  days  pork,  bisquit  in  lieu  of  flour,  which 
completes  them  to  the  28th  inclusive. 

Ticonderoga,  26th  July,  1759.  Adjutant  for  the  day  tomorrow 
Royal  Highlands. 

Ticonderoga,  28th  July,  1759.  A  General  Court  Martial  of  the 
line  to  be  held  at  the  President's  tent  at  8  o'clock  tomorrow  morn- 


THE   BLACK   WATCH   AT  TICONDEBOGA  93 

ing.    Col.  Grant,  President,  two  Majors  and  ten  Captains,  two  of 
whom  were  from  the  Royal  Highlanders. 

Ticonderoga,  29th  July,  1759.  The  ovens  to  be  given  for  the 
use  of  troops  in  the  following  manner: —  *  *  *  No.  2  to  the 
Inniskilling  and  Royal  Highlanders.  No  bakers  but  such  as  those 
Corps  imploy  to  make  in  any  of  those  ovens.  The  Royal  Highland 
Regiments  to  strick  their  tents  and  march  immediately  to  the  Land- 
ing Place,  and  they  will  send  their  tents  and  baggage  in  batteaux. 

Ticonderoga,  1st  August,  1759.  As  a  number  of  shoes  are  come 
up,  intended  for  the  use  of  the  Army,  and  will  be  delivered  to  them 
at  the  prime  cost  in  England,  which  three  shillings  and  six  pence 
per  pair.  The  Regiments  may  receive  in  the  following  manner 
and  proportion,  or  as  many  of  that  proportion  as  they  like  to  take 
bjT  applying  to  Mr.  Tucker,  agent  to  Mr.  Kilby  at  the  Landing 
Place.  Royal  Highlanders  366. 

Capt.  Reid  is  appointed  Major  to  the  Royal  Highland  Regi- 
ment. 

Crown  Point,  5th  August,  1759.  Collo.  of  the  day  tomorrow 
Regulars  Collo.  Grant;  Field  officer  for  the  Picquits  tomorrow  night 
Maj.  Reid. 

Crown  Point,  6th  August,  1759.  Adjutant  of  the  day  tomorrow 
Royal  Highlanders.  As  twenty-four  barrels  of  Spruce  beer  is  come 
to  the  fort  the  corps  may  send  for  it  immediately  in  the  following 
proportions  *  *  *  Royal  Highlanders,  three  barrels. 

Crown  Point,  7th  August,  1759.  Corporal  Sinclair  of  the 
Highlanders  and  Parceloo  of  the  Inniskilling  Regiment  with  16 
leabours  used  to  digging  to  attend  Lieut.  Gray  Tomorrow  at  5 
o'clock;  the  evening  gun  is  the  signal  for  the  working  party  to 
leave  of  work. 

Crown  Point,  8th  August,  1759.  The  Regulars  to  receive  4 
days  provisions  tomorrow  of  pork,  beginning  at  Revallie  Beating 
by  Forbes  followed  by  Royal  Highlanders,  etc.  It  is  concluded 
that  they  have  their  bread  from  Ticonderoga  as  was  ordered. 


94  NEW  YORK  STATE  HISTORICAL  ASSOCIATION 

Crown  Point,  10th  August,  1759.  Ens.  Gregor  of  the  Royal 
Highlanders  *  *  *  are  appointed  overseers  of  the  works  that  are 
carrying  on  at  tke  fort.  They  will  attend  Lieut.  Col.  Eyre  tomor- 
row morning  at  5  o'clock  and  follow  such  directions  as  they  shall 
receive  from  him. 

Crown  Point,  llth  August,  1759.  Collo.  of  the  day  tomorrow, 
Collo.  Grant.  For  the  building  of  the  fort  the  following  quarriers 
*  *  *  five  of  the  Royal  Highlanders  *  *  *  to  attend  Lieut.  Col. 
Eyre  tomorrow  morning  at  the  hour  of  work,  and  are  to  continue 
daily  to  work  as  quarriers. 

Crown  Point,  12th  August,  1759.  Adjutant  of  the  Day 
tomorrow,  Royal  Highlanders. 

Crown  Point,  14th  August,  1759.  Field  officer  for  the  work 
tomorrow,  Major  Reid. 

Crown  Point,  15th  August.  1759.  The  following  Surgeons 
Mates  are  to  join  the  Regiments  and  serve  as  Mates  in  room  of 
Officers  serving  as  such;  Mr.  Goldthwat  an  additional  Mate  in  the 
Royal  Highlanders  to  be  put  on  the  establishment  of  Forbe's,  Mr. 
Carter  to  the  Royal  Highlanders. 

Crown  Point,  16th  August,  1759.  The  following  sawiers  are 
to  attend  Lieut.  Col.  Eyre  tomorrow  at  5  o'clock:  *  *  *  Royal 
Highlanders,  Robert  Kennedy,  John  McFarling  and  Robert  Bain. 
The  following  masons  are  likewise  to  attend  Lieut.  Col.  Eyre  to- 
morrow morning  at  5  o'clock:  *  *  *  Royal  Highlanders,  Dougal 
McKeafter  and  John  Stewart.  The  above  artificers  are  to  work 
daily  and  to  follow  such  directions  as  they  shall  receive  from  Lieut. 
Col.  Eyre. 

Crown  Point,  17th  August,  1759.  Collo.  of  the  day  tomorrow, 
Collo.  Grant.  The  following  masons  to  attend  Lieut.  Col.  Eyre 
tomorrow  morning  at  five  o'clock;  *  *  *  Royal  Highlanders  Angus 
McDonald  and  William  Milligan. 

Crown  Point,  18th  August,  1759.  Adjutant  of  the  day  tomor- 
row, Royal  Highlanders. 

Crown  Point,  24th  Aug.,  1759.  Adjutant  of  the  day,  tomor- 
row, Royal  Highlanders. 


THE   BLACK    WATCH    AT   TICONDEROGA  95 

Crown  Point,  27th  August,  1759.  The  following  soldiers  to 
attend  Lieut.  Eyre  tomorrow  morning  at  5  o'clock  and  to  take  their 
directions  from  him;  Royal  Highlanders,  John  Fraser,  John  Mc- 
Elvore,  James  Bruce,  Allex'r  Sutherland. 

Crown  Point,  28th  Aug.  Field  Officer  of  the  work  tomorrow- 
Major  Reid. 

Crown  Point,  30  August,  1759.  Adjutant  of  the  day,  Royal 
Highlanders. 

Crown  Point,  1st  Sept.  Collo.  of  the  day,  tomorrow,  Collo. 
Grant. 

Crown  Point,  3d  September,  1759.  John  McNeal,  Grenadier 
in  Royal  Highland  Regiment,  *  *  *  to  attend  Lieut.  Col.  Eyre  this 
day  at  12  o'clock  and  to  follow  such  directions  as  he  shall  give. 

Crown  Point,  4th  Sept.,  1759.  Collo.  of  the  day,  tomorrow, 
Collo.  Grant.  Field  Officer  for  the  work,  Major  Reid.  The  men 
of  the  Royal  Highland  Regiment  who  have  been  employed  in 
making  baskets  will  be  paid  for  the  same  by  the  Quartermaster's 
applying  to  Mr.  Gray  this  afternoon  after  the  work  is  over.  The 
Regiments  to  receive  tomorrow  morning  two  pounds  of  fresh  meat 
and  one  pound  of  rice  for  the  number  of  men  set  opposite  the 
names  of  each  corps,  and  the  Regiments  are  to  apply  said  fresh 
beef  and  rice  entirely  for  the  use  of  the  sick.  Royal  Highlanders 
22. 

Crown  Point,  5th  Sept.,  1759.  Field  Officer  for  the  works 
tomorrow,  Major  Reid.  Adjutant  of  the  day,  tomorrow,  Royal 
Highlanders.  Allex'r  Forbes  of  the  Royal  Highlanders,  mason,  to 
accompany  Lieut.  Col.  Eyre  tomorrow  and  follow  such  directions 
as  he  shall  give. 

Crown  Point,  6th  Sept.  Serjt.  Clark  of  the  Royal  Highlanders 
to  be  one  of  the  four  sergeants  to  attend  the  works  daily  and  to 
receive  directions  from  Lieut.  Col.  Eyre. 

Crown  Point,  7th  Sept.    For  the  day,  tomorrow,  Collo.  Grant. 

Crown  Point,  llth  Sept.  Adjutant  of  the  day  tomorrow,  Royal 
Highlanders.  A  general  court  martial  of  the  Regulars  to  sit  tomor- 


96  NEW  YORK  STATE  HISTORICAL  ASSOCIATION 

row  at  the  President's  Tent  at  8  o'clock;  Collo.  Foster,  President, 
Major  John  Campbell,  Major  Reid,  *  *  one  captain  of  the  Royal 
Highlanders. 

Crown  Point,  12th  Sept.  A  detachment  of  100  Grenadiers,  30 
of  the  Light  Infantry  of  Regiments,  non-commissioned  officers  in 
proportion  to  be  commanded  by  a  captain  of  the  Grenadiers  and  2 
Subalterns  of  each  Corps  to  parade  tomorrow  at  Revallie  beating 
on  the  left  of  the  front  of  the  light  infantry  and  to  take  30  bat- 
teaux  to  Ticonderoga  where  he  is  to  apply  to  the  Commissary  and 
load  15  with  30  barrels  of  flour  in  each  batteaux,  the  other  15  with 
16  barrels  of  pork  each.  The  Royal  Highland  Regiment  to  furnish 
the  batteaux  and  the  captain  commanding  the  party  will  see  them 
this  night  that  they  may  be  ready  to  set  off  at  Revallie  beating  and 
to  return  as  soon  as  they  are  loaded. 

Crown  Point,  15th  Sept.,  1759.  For  the  day  tomorrow,  Collo. 
Grant.  Field  Officer  for  the  Picquits  this  night,  Regulars  Major 
Reid.  Field  Officer  for  the  works  tomorrow,  Major  John  Campbell. 

Crown  Point,  16th  Sept.,  1759.  Field  Officer  for  the  works  to- 
morrow, Major  Reid. 

Crown  Point,  17th  Sept.  Adjutant  of  the  day  tomorrow,  Royal 
Highlanders. 

Crown  Point,  18th  Sept.,  1759.  For  the  day  tomorrow,  Collo. 
Grant. 

Crown  Point,  21st  Sept.,  1759.  For  the  day  tomorrow,  Collo. 
Grant.  For  the  Picquits  this  night,  Major  Reid.  Field  Officer  for 
the  works  tomorrow,  Major  John  Campbell. 

Crown  Point,  23d  Sept.,  1759.  Adjutant  of  the  day  tomorrow, 
Royal  Highlanders. 

Crown  Point,  25th  Sept.  Lieut.  Tolmey  of  the  Royal  High- 
landers is  appointed  Overseer  for  the  work  on  the  fort  and  to 
receive  his  directions  from  Leiut.  Col.  Eyre. 

Crown  Point,  26th  Sept.,  1759.  Field  officer  for  the  Picquits 
this  night,  Major  John  Campbell;  tomorrow  night,  Major  Reid. 


LORD  HOWE   MONUMENT,  (TROUT  BROOK.)  TICONOERQGA,  N 


AT  TTCONDE'ROGA 

Eoulde;-  in  Academy  Park  to  the  lie.oeo  CK  the  Four  IC-ti- 
French,  British  and  American  who  fought  at  Ticonderoga. 


Indian, 


Monument  marking  the  spot  at  the  mouth  of  Trout  Brook,  where 
Lord  Howe  was  supposed  to  have  fallen. 
(Both  Boulder  and  Monument  were  erected  by  the  late  Rev.  Joseph  Cook) 


THE    BLACK    WATCH    AT   TICONDEROGA  97 

Crown  Point,  27th  Sept.,  1759.  For  the  day  tomorrow,  Collo. 
Grant.  Field  Officer  for  the  Picquits  this  night,  Major  Reid. 

Crown  Point,  29th  Sept.  Adjutant  for  the  day  tomorrow, 
Royal  Highlanders. 

Crown  Point,  30th  Sept.,  1759.  Collo.  for  the  day  tomorrow, 
Collo.  Grant. 

Crown  Point,  2d  Oct.,  1759.  Field  Officer  for  the  Picquits  this 
night,  Major  John  Campbell;  tomorrow  night,  Major  Reid. 

Crown  Point,  3d  October.  For  the  day  tomorrow,  Collo. 
Grant.  Field  Officer  for  the  Picquits  this  night,  Major  Reid.  Field 
Officer  for  the  works  tomorrow,  John  Campbell.  A  General  Court 
martial  of  the  Regulars  to  sit  at  the  President's  tent  tomorrow  at 
9  o'clock  *  *  *  two  captains  of  the  Royal  Highlanders. 

Crown  Point,  5th  Oct.,  1759.  Adjutant  of  the  day  tomorrow, 
Royal  Highlanders. 

Crown  Point,  6th  Oct.,  1759.  For  the  day  tomorrow,  Collo. 
Grant.  The  regular  regiments  to  give  in  their  cartridges  that  are 
damaged  this  day  to  the  artillery  and  to  receive  as  much  powder, 
paper,  ball  and  twine  as  will  compleat  their  ammunition.  The 
Royal  Highlanders  475. 

Crown  Point,  7th  October.  The  Regiments  to  prepare  their 
batteaux  to  the  following  numbers  and  to  have  their  sails  fixed 
according  to  patern  Col.  Haviland  approved  of;  *  *  '*  Royal 
Highlanders  24,  *  *  * 

Crown  Point,  8th  October.  Royal  Highlanders  are  to  take 
two  batteaux  more  than  what  were  ordered  yesterday. 

Crown  Point,  9th  October.  For  the  day  tomorrow,  Collo. 
Grant.  Field  Officer  for  Picquits  this  night,  Major  Reid.  The 
undermentioned  Corps  are  to  send  a  batteaux  each  at  Retreat  beat- 
ing to  Ticonderoga  to  receive  tomorrow  morning  the  following 
number  of  loaves  weighing  six  pounds  and  a  half  each ;  they  are  to 
pay  to  the  person  Gen.  Lyman  appoints  to  receive  the  money  the 
following  sums  being  one  penny  sterling  for  baking  seven  pounds  of 
flour:  Royal  Highlanders  460  loaves,  1;  7;  8  Sterling.  *  •  * 


98  NEW  YORK  STATE  HISTORICAL  ASSOCIATION 

The  Royal  Highlanders  are  to  leave  Subaltern  Officer  each, 
exclusive  of  officers  employed  as  overseers  at  the  King's  Works, 
with  three  Sergeants,  three  Corp'ls  each  with  the  men  that  are  left 
behind;  when  the  Regiments  march,  the  officers  and  men  of  each 
corps  will  encamp  on  the  Center  of  the  encampment  of  the  Corps 
*  *  *  and  a  sentry  to  be  kept  in  the  encampment  that  nothing 
may  be  spoiled  or  taken  away  during  the  absence  of  the  Regiment. 
The  Regiments  are  to  give  the  following  numbers  for  the  Brig  and 
Sloop  and  will  send  seamen  if  they  have  them:  For  the  Brig,  *  * 
Royal  Highlanders  14  men. 

Crown  Point,  llth  Oct.,  1759.  Adjutant  of  the  day  tomorrow, 
Royal  Highlanders. 

Lake  Shamplaine,  15th  Oct.,  1759.  For  the  day  tomorrow, 
Collo.  Grant. 

Ligonier  Bay,  14th  Oct.,  1759.  Field  Officer  for  the  Picquit 
this  night,  Major  John  Campbell;  tomorrow  night,  Major  Reid. 

Lake  Shamplaine,  15th  Oct.,  1759.  For  the  day  tomorrow, 
Collo.  Grant.  Field  Officer  for  the  Picquits  this  night,  Major  Reid. 

Camp  at  Schuylers  Island,  18th  Oct.,  1759.  For  the  day  to- 
morrow, Collo.  Grant. 

Crown  Point,  22nd  Oct.,  1759.  Adjutant  of  the  day  tomorrow, 
Royal  Highlanders. 

Crown  Point,  25th  October.  22  men  of  the  Royal  Highlanders 
are  to  be  sent  to  the  Hospital  at  Fort  Edward.  *  *  The  surgeon 
c-f  the  Royal  Highlanders  is  to  attend  them  to  Fort  Edward,  a 
Corporal  and  6  men  of  the  Royal  Highlanders  with  one  batteaux 
*  *  *  are  to  convey  the  sick  to  the  Sawmills,  where  the  officer  will 
leave  the  batteau  with  Lieut.  Col.  Miller  and  march  the  sick  to  the 
Landing  Place. 

Crown  Point,  27th  Oct.,  1759.  For  the  day  tomorrow,  Collo. 
Grant.  Field  Officer  for  the  Picquits  this  night,  Major  Reid. 

Crown  Point,  28th  Oct.,  1759.  Adjutant  for  the  day  tomorrow, 
Royal  Highlanders. 


THE   BLACK   WATCH   AT   TICONDEROGA  99 

Crown  Point,  30th  October.  Officer  for  the  day,  tomorrow, 
Collo.  Grant.  A  General  Court  martial  to  be  held  at  the  President's 
Tent  tomorrow  at  9  o'clock  to  try  all  such  prisoners  as  shall  be 
brought  before  them;  Col.  Grant,  President,  *  *  *  One  Captain  of 
the  Royal  Highlanders. 

Crown  Point,  31st  Oct.,  1759.  Field  Officer  for  the  Picquits 
this  night,  Major  Reid.  The  General  Court  martial  of  which  Collo. 
Grant  was  President  is  dissolved;  the  Prisoners  of  the  Royal  High- 
land Regiment  is  acquitted. 

Crown  Point,  1st  Nov.,  1759.  For  the  day  tomorrow,  Collo. 
Grant. 

Crown  Point,  3d  Nov.,  1759.  For  the  Picquits  tomorrow  night, 
Major  John  Campbell;  for  the  works  tomorrow,  Major  John  Camp- 
bell; Adjutant  of  the  day  tomorrow,  Royal  Highlanders. 


N 

COLONEL  ROGER  TOWNSHEND. 

Roger  Townshend,  fifth  son  of  Charles  Viscount  Townshend, 
and  younger  brother  of  Gen'l  George  Townshend  (afterwards  4th 
Viscount  and  1st  Marquis)  to  whom  Quebec  surrendered  when 
Wolfe  was  killed,  was  commissioned  Lieutenant-Colonel  1st  Feb., 
1758,  and  served  as  Adjutant-General  in  the  Expedition  against 
Louisbourg,  and  Deputy  Adjutant-General  in  this  Campaign  with 
Rank  of  Colonel.  He  was  killed  in  the  Trenches  before  Ticonde- 
roga  by  a  cannon  ball  on  the  25th  July,  1759.  and  his  remains 
were  transmitted  to  Albany  for  interment.  His  spirit  and  military 
knowledge  justly  entitled  him  to  the  esteem  of  every  soldier;  and 
accordingly  the  loss  of  him  was  universally  lamented. 


Knox  I,  360,   289,  401,  403. 
Wilson's  Orderly  Book,  page  77. 


Supplement  to  the  New  York  Mercury,  Tuesday,  July  31,  1759. 
Extract  from  a  letter  dated  Albany,  July  29,  1759. 


100  NEW   YORK    STATE    HISTORICAL   ASSOCIATION 

"The  same  evening  (July  27),  an  Express  arrived  from  Ticon- 
deroga,  with  an  account  of  Colonel  Townshend  being  killed,  in 
reconnoitering  the  Fort,  by  a  cannon  ball. 

Yesterday  about  12  o'clock,  Colonel  Townshend's  corpse  ar- 
rived here,  and  was  decently  interred." 

In  the  "Church  Book"  St.  Peter's,  Albany,  appears  the  following 
entry: 
1759  July  30    To  cash  received  for  braking  ground  in  the 

church  to  lay  the  body  of  Coll.  Townson £5/0/0 

To  cash  ret  for  Paull 9 


The  following  is  a  copy  of  the  inscription  on  the  monument  to 
Col.  Townshend  in  Westminster  Abbey 

"This  Monument  was  erected 

By  a  disconsolate  Parent 

The  Lady  Viscountess  Townshend 

To  the  Memory  of  her  Fifth  Son 

The  Hon'ble  Lieut.  Colonel  Roger  Townshend 

who  was  killed  by  a  Cannon  Ball 

on  the  25th  of  July,  1759,  in  the  28th  year  of  his  age 

as  he  was  reconnoitering  ye  French  lines  at  Ticonderoga 

In  North  America 

From  the  Parent  the  Brother  and  the  Friend 
His  sociable  and  amiable  manners 

His  enterprizing  Bravery 

And  the  Integrity  of  His  Heart 

May  claim  the  tribute  of  affliction 

Yet  Stranger  weep  not 
For  tho'  premature  His  Death 

His  life  vras  glorious 

Enrolling  Him  with  the  names 

of  those  Immortal  Statesmen  and  Commanders 

Whose  wisdom  and  Intrepidity 
In  the  course  of  this  Comprehensive  i<nd  Successful  War 

Have  Extended  the  Commerce 

And  upheld  the  Majesty  of  these  Kingdoms 

Beyond  the  idea  of  any  former  age." 


Monument  to  Lieut.  Colonel  Roger  Townshend  in  Westminster  Abbey 

(The   Bayonet  on   Monument   found   on   battlefield   of   Ticonderoga  and 

placed  on  memorial  by  Dean  Stanley) 


THE   BLACK   WATCH    AT   TICONDEROGA  101 

The  following  is  an  extract  from  a  letter  from  the  head  verger 
of  Westminster  Abbey 

"I  should  like  to  draw  your  attention  to  the  broken  bayonet 
in  the  upper  part  of  the  Townshend  monument.  It  is  a  relic  of  the 
struggle  between  the  French  and  English  in  North  America  and  it 
comes  from  Ticonderoga  and  may  have  been  used  in  that  particular 
'march  to  Ticonderoga,  where  Col.  Townshend  was  killed.'  It  was 
given  to  Dean  Stanley  when  in  America  and  he  fixed  it  on  the 
monument  as  he  did  the  wreath  of  leaves  on  the  monument  of 
Major  Andre. 

Lord  Eversley,  who  when  H.  M.  first  Commissioner  of  Works 
was  the  Rt.  Hon.  J.  G.  Shaw  Lefevre  —  is  much  struck  by  the 
Townshend  inscription,  especially  the  latter  part,  which,  he  has  told 
me,  is  worthy  of  Edmund  Burke  and  which  I  know  he  would  like 
to  attribute  to  that  great  orator  and  statesman." 


BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

A  Military  History  of  Perthshire,  1660-1902.  Edited  by  the 
Marchioness  of  Tullibardine.  Perth  R.  A.  &  J.  Hay,  1908. 

Chronicles  of  the  Atholl  and  Tullibardine  Families.  Collected 
and  arranged  by  John,  Seventh  Duke  of  Atholl,  K.  T.,  in  Five 
Volumes.  Ballantyle  Press,  1908. 

Sketches  of  the  Character,  Manners  and  Present  State  of  the 
Highlanders  of  Scotland,  with  details  of  the  Military  Service  of 
the  Highland  Regiments,  by  Colonel  David  Stewart  (of  Garth), 
Edinburgh.  Archibald,  Constable  &  Co.,  1822. 

The  Scottish  Highlands,  Highland  Clans  and  Regiments,  by 
John  S.  Keltie,  F.  S.  A.  S.  Edinburgh,  A.  Fullerton  &  Co. 

The  Regimental  Records  of  the  British  Army,  by  John  S. 
Farmer,  London,  Grant  Richards,  1901. 

An  Historical  Account  of  the  Settlements  of  Scotch  Highlanders 
in  America,  etc.,  by  J.  P.  MacLean,  Ph.  D.  Cleveland,  The  Helmar- 
Taylor  Co.,  Glasgow,  John  MacKay,  1900. 


102  NEW   YORK    STATE    HISTORICAL   ASSOCIATION 

Historical  Record  of  the  42nd  or  Royal  Highland  Regiment  of 
Foot,  1729-1844.  Illustrated.  London,  Parker,  1845. 

Historical  Record  of  the  73rd  Regiment,  1780-1851.  Illustrated. 
London.  Parker,  1851. 

Chronology  and  Book  of  Days  of  the  42nd  Royal  Highlanders, 
The  Black  Watch,  1729-1905.  Berwick-on-Tweed,  Martin's  Print- 
ing Works,  1906. 

History  of  Black  Watch.    Johnston,  1893. 

The  Black  Watch.  The  Record  of  an  Historic  Regiment,  by 
Archibald  Forbes,  LL.  D.  Cassell  &  Co.,  1910. 

Black  Watch  Episode  of  the  Year  1731,  by  H.  D.  MacWilliam. 
Johnston,  1908. 

Short  History  of  the  Black  Watch,  1725-1907.  Blackwood, 
1908. 

The  Official  Records  of  the  Mutiny  in  the  Highland  Regiment 
(The  Black  Watch),  A  London  Incident  of  the  Year  1743,  by 
H.  D.  MacWilliam.  Johnston,  1910. 

Legends  of  the  Black  Watch,  by  James  Grant,  Routledge,  1904. 

Knox's  Journal. 

Brown's  Highland  Clans. 

Beaston's  Naval  and  Military  Memoirs. 

A  Biographical  Dictionary  of  Eminent  Scotsmen.  Chambers. 
Glasgow,  1832-35. 

Pennsylvania  Colonial  Records. 

Correspondence  of  William  Pitt  when  Secretary  of  State,  with 
Colonial  Governors,  etc.,  by  Gertrude  Selwyn  Kimball.  MacMillian, 
1906. 

Commissary  Wilson's  Orderly  Book.  Expedition  of  the  British 
and  Provincial  Army  under  Maj.  Gen.  Jeffrey  Amherst,  against 
Ticonderoga  and  Crown  Point,  1759.  Albany,  J.  Munsell.  London, 
Trubner  Co.,  1857. 


THE   BLACK   WATCH   AT   TICONDEROGA  103 

New  York  Colonial  Manuscript,  by  Broadhead,  Weed,  Parsons 
&  Co.,  Albany,  1856. 

History  of  Canada.  Translated  from  L'Histoire  du  Canada 
by  F.  X.  Garneau,  by  Andrew  Bell.  Richard  Worthington  &  Son, 
Montreal,  1866. 

Illustrated  Histories  of  the  Scottish  Regiments  by  Lieut.  Col- 
onel Percy  Groves.  Illustrated  by  Harry  Payne.  Edinburgh,  1893. 

The  Regimental  Records  of  the  1st  and  2nd  Battalions  The 
Black  Watch. 

The  Regimental  Records  of  the  Perthshire  Militia,  now  the 
3rd  Battalion,  The  Black  Watch. 

Cannon's  Official  History  of  the  42nd,  1729-1844. 

Cannon's  Official  History  of  the  73rd,  1779-1850. 

The  Annual  Register. 

Records  and  Badges  of  the  British  Army.    Chichester. 

Standards  and  Colors  of  the  Army.    Milne. 

War  Medals  of  the  British  Army.    Carter  and  Long. 

The  Black  Watch.    Andrew  Picken. 

Reminiscences  of  a  Campaign.    John  Malcolm,  42nd. 

Retrospect  of  a  Military  Life.    Q.  M.  S.  Anton,  42nd. 

Fontenoy,  The  Campaign  of.    Skrine. 

Mangalore,  The  Siege  of.    By  an  Officer  Present. 

Recollections  of  a  Military  Life.    Sergeant  Morris,  73rd. 

Military  Reminiscences  (Polygar  Campaigns).    Colonel  Welsh. 

Five  Years  in  Kaffirland  (Second  War).    Mrs.  Ward. 

Campaigning  in  Kaffirland. 

The  5th  Regiment  Royal  Scots  of  Canada.    Captain  Chambers. 

History  of  the  British  Army.    J.  W.  Fortescue. 


104  NEW   YORK    STATE    HISTORICAL   ASSOCIATION 

Memoirs  of  Sergeant  Donald  Macleod.    Late  42nd. 
Reminiscences  of  a  Veteran.    Alexander  Robb,  Late  42nd. 

p 

The  British  Army. 

Milne  in  "Standards  and  Colors  of  the  Army,"  says  that  the 
British  Army  as  a  permanent  force  dates  from  26  January  1660-61. 
Charles  II  established  three  troops  of  Life  Guards — one  of  Horse 
(subsequently  Royal  Horse  Guards  Blue),  the  King's  Royal  Regi- 
ment of  Guards  (now  Grenadier  Guards),  and  the  Duke  of  Albe- 
marle's  Regiment  of  Foot  (now  Coldstream  Guards.) 

The  Present  Establishment: 

I.  The  Cavalry. 

The  First  Life  Guards,  The  Second  Life  Guards,  The  Royal 
Horse  Guards  (The  Blues),  The  First  (The  King's)  Dragoon 
Guards,  The  Second  Dragoon  Guards  (Queen's  Bays),  The  Third 
(The  Prince  of  Wales's)  Dragoon  Guards.  The  Fourth  (Royal 
Irish  Dragoon  Guards,  The  Fifth  (Princess  Charlotte  of  Wales's) 
Dragoon  Guards,  The  Sixth  Dragoon  Guards  (Carabiniers) ,  The 
Seventh  (The  Princess  Royal's)  Dragoon  Guards,  The  First 
(Royal)  Dragoons,  The  Second  Dragoons  (Royal  Scots  Greys),  The 
Third  (The  King's  Own)  Hussars,  The  Fourth  (The  Queen's 
Own)  Hussars,  The  Fifth  (Royal  Irish)  Lancers,  The  Sixth  (Innis- 
killing)  Dragoons,  The  Seventh  (The  Queen's  Own) )  Hussars,  The 
Eighth  (The  King's  Royal  Irish)  Hussars,  The  Ninth  (The 
Queen's  Royal)  Lancers,  The  Tenth  (The  Prince  of  Wales'  Own 
Royal)  Hussars,  The  Eleventh  (Prince  Albert's  Own)  Hussars,  The 
Twelfth  (The  Prince  of  Wales's  Royal)  Lancers,  The  Thirteenth 
Hussars,  The  Fourteenth  (The  King's)  Hussars,  The  Fifteenth  (The 
King's)  Hussars,  The  Sixteenth  (The  Queen's)  Lancers,  The  Seven- 
teenth (The  Duke  of  Cambridge's  Own)  Lancers,  The  Eighteenth 
Hussars,  The  Nineteenth  (Princess  of  Wales's  Own)  Hussars,  The 
Twentieth  Hussars,  The  Twenty-first  (Empress  of  India's)  Lancers. 

II.  The  Royal  Artillery. 

The  Royal  Regiment  of  Artillery. 


£      .2 


1 


9 
I 

5 
3 


0       « 
C 

S        A 

0> 

i  i 

6    g 


s 

a  oc  5 


d  JSyt 

^2? 


n  3  W) 

ci    g^fl 

10  c5  ^ 


« 

S    « 


•So 


THE    BLACK    WATCH    AT    TICONDEBOGA  105 

III.  The  Royal  Engineers. 

The  Corps  of  Royal  Engineers. 

IV.  The  Foot  Guards. 

The  Grenadier  Guards,  The  Coldstream  Guards,  The  Scots 
Guards,  The  Irish  Guards. 

V.  Territorial  Regiments  (Regiments  of  Foot). 

The  Royal  Scots  (Lothian  Regiment),  formerly  The  1st. 

The  Queen's  (Royal  West  Surrey  Regiment),  formerly  The  2nd. 

The  Buffs  (East  Kent  Regiment),  formerly  The  3rd. 

The  King's  Own  (Royal  Lancaster  Regiment),  formerly  The  4th. 

The  Northumberland  Fusiliers,  formerly  The  5th. 

The  Royal  Warwickshire  Regiment,  formerly  The  6th. 

The  Royal  Fusiliers  (City  of  London  Regiment) ,  formerly  The  7th. 

The  King's  (Liverpool  Regiment),  formerly  The  8th. 

The  Norfolk  Regiment,  formerly  The  9th. 

The  Lincolnshire  Regiment,  formerly  The  10th. 

The  Devonshire  Regiment,  formerly  The  llth. 

The  Suffolk  Regiment,  formerly  The  12th. 

The  Prince  Albert's  (Somersetshire  Light  Infantry),  formerly  The 
13th. 

The  Prince  of  Wales's  Own  (West  Yorkshire  Regiment),  formerly 
The  14th. 

The  East  Yorkshire  Regiment,  formerly  The  15th. 
The  Bedfordshire  Regiment,  formerly  The  16th. 
The  Leicestershire  Regiment,  formerly  The  17th. 
The  Royal  Irish  Regiment,  formerly  The  18th. 

The  Princess  of  Wales's  Own  (Yorkshire  Regiment) ,  formerly  The 
19th. 


106  NEW    YORK    STATE    HISTORICAL   ASSOCIATION 

The  Lancashire  Fusiliers,  formerly  The  20th  (East  Devonshire). 
The  Royal  Scots  Fusiliers,  formerly  The  21st. 
The  Cheshire  Regiment,  formerly  The  22nd. 
The  Royal  Welsh  Fusiliers,  formerly  The  23rd. 

The  South  Wales  Borderers,  formerly  The  24th.     (2nd  Warwick- 
shire) . 

The  King's  Own  Scottish  Borderers,  formerly  The  25th. 
The  Cameronians  (Scottish  Rifles) 
1st  Batt,  formerly  The  26th. 

2nd  Batt.,  formerly  The  90th.     (Perthshire  Volunteers— Light 
Infantry). 

The  Royal  Inniskilling  Fusiliers,  1st  Batt.,  formerly  The  27th. 
2nd  Batt.,  formerly  The  108th  (Madras  Infantry). 

The  Gloucestershire  Regiment,  1st.  Batt.,  formerly  The  28th  (North 
Gloucestershire) . 

2nd  Batt.,  formerly  The  61st  (South  Gloucestershire). 
The  Worcestershire  Regiment,  1st  Batt.,  formerly  The  29th. 
2nd  Batt.,  Formerly  The  36th  (Herefordshire). 

The  East  Lancashire  Regiment,  1st  Batt.,  formerly  The  30th  (Cam- 
bridgeshire) . 

2nd  Batt.,  formerly  The  59th  (2nd  Nottinghamshire). 

The  East  Surrey  Regiment,  1st  Batt.,  formerly  The  31st  (Hunting- 
donshire). 

2nd  Batt.,  formerly  The  70th  (Surrey). 

Duke  of  Cornwall's  Light  Infantry,  1st  Batt.,  formerly  The  32nd. 
2nd  Batt.,  formerly  The  46th  (South  Devonshire) . 

The  Duke  of  Wellington's  (West  Riding  Regiment)  1st  Batt.,  for- 
merly The  33rd. 


THE   BLACK    WATCH    AT    TICONDEROGA  107 

2nd  Batt.,  formerly  The  76th. 

The  Border  Regiment,  1st  Batt,  formerly  The  34th  (Cumberland). 
2nd  Batt.,  formerly  The  55th  (Westmoreland). 

The  Royal  Sussex  Regiment,  1st  Batt.,  formerly  The  35th. 
2nd  Batt.,  formerly  The  10th  (Bengal  Infantry). 

The  Hampshire  Regiment,  1st  Batt.,  formerly  The  37th. 
2nd  Batt.,  formerly  The  67th  (South  Hampshire). 

The  South  Staffordshire  Regiment,  1st  Batt,,  formerly  The  38th 
(1st  Staffordshire). 
2nd  Batt.,  formerly  The  80th  (Staffordshire  Volunteers). 

The  Dorsetshire  Regiment,  1st  Batt.,  formerly  The  39th. 
2nd  Batt.,  formerly  The  54th  (West  Norfolk). 

The  Prince  of  Wales's  Volunteers  (South  Lancashire  Regiment,  1st 
Batt.,  formerly  The  40th  (2nd  Somersetshire) ;  2nd  Batt.,  for- 
merly The  82nd. 

The  Welsh  Regiment,  1st  Batt.,  formerly  The  41st;  2nd  Batt.,  for- 
merly The  69th  (South  Lincolnshire). 

The  Black  Watch  (Royal  Highlanders)  1st  Batt,  formerly  The 
42nd;  2nd  Batt,,  formerly  The  73rd  (Perthshire). 

The  Oxfordshire  Light  Infantry,  1st  Batt.,  formerly  The  43rd 
(Monmouthshire  Light  Infantry),  2nd  Batt.,  formerly  The 
52nd. 

The  Essex  Regiment,  1st  Batt.,  formerly  The  44th;  2nd  Batt.,  The 
56th  (West  Essex) . 

The  Sherwood  Foresters  (Derbyshire  Regiment),  1st  Batt.,  formerly 
the  45th  (Nottinghamshire) ;  2nd  Batt.,  The  95th  (Derbyshire). 

The  Royal  North  Lancashire  Regiment,  1st  Batt.,  formerly  The 
47th  (Lancashire) ;  2nd  Batt.,  formerly  The  81st  (Loyal  Lin- 
coln Volunteers). 

The  Northamptonshire  Regiment,  1st  Batt.,  formerly  The  48th;  2nd 

Batt.,  formerly  The  58th  (Rutlandshire). 
Princess  Charlotte  of  Walee's    (Royal  Berkshire  Regiment),   1st 


108  NEW    YORK    STATE    HISTORICAL   ASSOCIATION 

Batt.,  formerly  The  49th   (Hertfordshire);  2  Batt.,  formerly 
The  66th  (Berkshire) . 

The  Queen's  Own  (Royal  West  Kent)  Regiment,  1st  Batt.,  formerly 
The  50th  2nd  Batt.,  formerly  The  97th  (The  Earl  of  Ulster's). 

The  King's  Own  Yorkshire  Light  Infantry,  1st  Batt.,  formerly  The 
51st  (2nd  Yorkshire  West  Riding);  2nd  Batt.,  The  105th 
(Madras  Light  Infantry). 

The  King's  (Shropshire  Light  Infantry)  1st  Batt.,  formerly  The 
53rd;  2nd  Batt.,  formerly  The  85th  (Bucks  Volunteers). 

The  Duke  of  Cambridge's  Own  (Middlesex  Regiment),  1st  Batt., 
formerly  The  57th  (West  Middlesex) ;  2nd  Batt.,  formerly 
The  77th  (East  Middlesex). 

The  King's  Royal  Rifle  Corps,  formerly  The  60th. 

The  Duke  of  Edinburgh's  (Wiltshire  Regiment) ,  1st  Batt.,  formerly 
The  62nd;  2nd  Batt.,  formerly  The  99th. 

The  Manchester  Regiment,  1st  Batt.,  formerly  the  63rd  (West  Suf- 
folk) ;  2nd  Batt.,  formerly  The  96th. 

The  Prince  of  Wales's  (North  Staffordshire  Regiment),  1st  Batt., 
formerly  The  64th  (2nd  Staffordshire) ;  2nd  Batt.,  formerly  The 
98th. 

The  York  and  Lancaster  Regiment,  1st  Batt.,  formerly  The  65th 
(2nd  Yorkshire,  North  Riding) ;  2nd  Batt.,  formerly  The  84th 
(York  and  Lancaster). 

The  Durham  Light  Infantry,  1st  Batt.  formerly  The  68th;  2nd 
Batt.,  formerly  106th  (Bombay  Light  Infantry). 

The  Highland  Light  Infantry,  1st  Batt.,  formerly  The  71st;  2nd 
Batt.  formerly  The  74th. 

The  Seaforth  Highlanders  (Ross-shire  Buffs,  The  Duke  of  Albany's 
Own  Regiment  of  Foot),  1st  Batt.,  formerly  The  72nd;  2nd 
Batt.,  The  78th. 

The  Gordon  Highlanders,  1st  Batt.,  formerly  The  75th  (Stirling- 
shire), 2nd  Batt.,  formerly  The  92nd. 


THE  BLACK   WATCH   AT   TICONDEBOGA  109 

The  Queen's  Own  Cameron  Highlanders,  1st  Batt.,  formerly  The 
79th. 

The  Royal  Irish  Rifles,  1st  Batt.,  formerly  The  83rd  (County  Dub- 
lin);  2nd  Batt.,  formerly  The  86th  (Royal  County  Down). 

Princess  Victoria's  (Royal  Irish  Fusiliers)  1st  Batt.,  formerly  The 
87th;  2nd  Batt.,  formerly  The  89th. 

The  Connaught  Rangers,  1st  Batt.,  formerly  The  88th,  2nd  Batt., 
formerly  The  94th. 

The  Princess  Louise's  (Argyll  &  Sutherland  Highlanders),  1st  Batt., 
formerly  The  91st;  2nd  Batt.,  formerly  The  93rd. 

The  Prince  of  Wales's  Leinster  Regiment  (Royal  Canadians),  1st 
Batt.,  formerly  The  100th  (Prince  of  Wales's  Royal  (Can- 
adian);  2nd  Batt.,  formerly  The  109th  (Bombay  Infantry). 

The  Royal  Munster  Fusiliers,  1st  Batt.,  formerly  The  101st  (Royal 
Bengal  Fusiliers) ;  2nd  Batt.,  formerly  The  104th  (Bengal  Fusi- 
liers) . 

The  Royal  Dublin  Fusiliers,  1st  Batt.,  formerly  The  102nd  (Royal 
Madras  Fusiliers) ;  2nd  Batt.,  The  103rd  (Royal  Bombay  Fusi- 
liers) . 

The  Rifle  Brigade  (Prince  Consort's  Own). 

The  West  India  Regiment,  1st  Batt.,  formerly  Malcolm's  Black 
Rangers;  2nd  Batt.,  formerly  The  St.  Vincent's  Black  Rangers. 

The  Royal  Marines,  Royal  Marine  Artillery,  Royal  Marine  Light 
Infantry. 

Q 

TICONDEROGA 

Ticonderoga,  familiar  as  the  name  of  the  historic  fortress  at 
Lake  George,  was  written  by  Sir  William  Johnson,  in  1756,  Tionde- 
rogue  and  Ticonderoro,  and  in  grant  of  lands  in  1760,  "near  the 
fort  at  Ticonderoga."  Gov.  Golden  wrote  Ticontarogen,  and  an 
Iroquoian  sachem  is  credited  with  Decariaderoga.  Interpretations 
are  almost  as  numerous  as  orthographies.  The  most  generally 


110  NEW   YORK   STATE   HISTORICAL  ASSOCIATION 

quoted  is  from  Spofford's  Gazetter:  "Ticonderoga,  from  Tsin- 
drosie,  or  Cheonderoga,  signifying  'brawling  water,'  and  the  French 
name,  Carillon,  signifying  'a  chime  of  bells/  were  both  suggested 
by  the  rapids  upon  the  outlet  of  Lake  George."  The  French  name 
may  have  been  so  suggested,  but  neither  Tsindrosie  or  Cheonderoga 
means  "brawling  water."  The  latter  is  probably  an  orthography 
of  Teonderoga.  Ticonderoga  as  now  written,  is  from  Te  or  Ti, 
''dual,"  two;  Kaniatare,  "lake,"  and  -ogen,  "intervallum,  diviai- 
onem"  (Bruyas),  the  combination  meaning,  literally  "Between  two 
lakes."  Horatio  Hale  wrote  me  of  one  of  the  forms  "Dekariaderage, 
in  modern  orothography,  Tekaniataroken,  from  which  Ticonderoga, 
means,  simple  'Between  two  lakes.'  It  is  derived  from  Tioken, 
'between,'  and  Kaniatara,  'lake.'  Its  composition  illustrates  a  pecu- 
liar idiom  of  the  Iroquoian  language.  Tioken  when  combined  with 
a  noun,  is  split  in  two,  so  to  speak,  and  the  noun  inserted.  Thus  in 
combining  Tioken  with  Oneonte,  'mountain,'  we  have  Ti-ononte- 
oken,  'Between  two  mountains,'  which  was  the  name  of  one  of  the 
Mohawk  castles — sometimes  written  Theonondioga.  In  like  manner, 
Kaniatare,  'lake/  thus  compounded,  yields  Te-kaniatare-oken, 
'Between  two  lakes.'  In  the  Huron  dialect  Kiniatare  is  contracted 
to  Yontare  or  Ontare,  from  which,  with  io  or  iyo,  'great/  we  get 
Ontario  (pronounced  Ontareeyo),  'Great  lake/  which  combined  with 
Tioken,  becomes  Tionteroken,  which  would  seem  to  be  the  original 
of  Colden's  Ticonderoga." 

("Indian  Geographical  Names,"  by  E.  M.  Ruttenber,  page  71 
Vol.  VI,  New  York  State  Historical  Association). 


R 

TESTIMONIALS  TO  THE  BLACK  WATCH. 

The  Virginia  Gazette,  July  30,  1767,  published  an  article  from 
which  the  following  extracts  have  been  taken: 

"Last  Sunday  evening,  the  Royal  Highland  Regiment  embarked 
from  Philadelphia  for  Ireland,  which  regiment,  since  its  arrival 
in  America,  had  been  distinguished  for  having  undergone  most 
amazing  fatigues,  made  long  and  frequent  marches  through  an 
unhospitable  country,  bearing  excessive  heat  and  severe  cold  with 


THE   BLACK    WATCH    AT   TICONDEROGA  111 

alacrity  and  cheerfulness,  frequently  encamping  in  deep  snow,  such 
as  those  who  inhabit  the  interior  parts  of  this  province  do  not  see, 
and  which  only  those  who  inhabit  the  most  northern  parts  of 
Europe  can  have  any  Idea  of,  continually  exposed  in  camp  and  on 
their  marches  to  the  alarms  of  a  savage  enemy,  who,  in  all  their 
attempts,  were  forced  to  fly.  *  *  *  And,  in  a  particular  manner, 
the  free-men  of  this  and  the  neighboring  provinces  have  most 
sincerely  to  thank  them  for  that  resolution  and  bravery  with  which 
they,  under  Colonel  Boquet,  and  a  small  number  of  Royal  Ameri- 
cans, defeated  the  enemy,  and  ensured  to  us  peace  and  security 
from  a  savage  foe;  and,  along  with  our  blessings  for  these  benefits, 
they  have  our  thanks  for  that  decorum  in  behavior  which  they 
maintained  during  their  stay  in  this  city,  giving  an  example  that 
the  most  amiable  behavior  in  civil  life  is  no  way  inconsistent  with 
the  character  of  the  good  soldier;  and  for  their  loyalty,  fidelity,  and 
orderly  behavior,  they  have  every  wish  of  the  people  for  health, 
honor,  and  a  pleasant  voyage." 


Extract  from  speech  by  the  elder  Pitt  in  vindication  of  the 
employment  of  Highland  Regiments  of  which  the  Black  Watch 
was  the  first  raised  of  the  eighty-six  during  the  four  wars  between 
1739  and  1815. 

"I  sought  for  merit  wherever  it  was  to  be  found;  it  is  my 
boast  that  I  was  the  first  Minister  who  looked  for  it  and  found  it 
in  the  mountains  of  the  North.  I  called  it  forth  and  drew  into 
your  service  a  hardy  and  intrepid  race  of  men,  who,  when  left  by 
your  jealousy,  became  a  prey  to  the  artifice  of  your  enemies,  and 
had  gone  nigh  to  have  overturned  the  State  in  the  war  before  the 
last.  These  men  in  the  last  war  were  brought  to  combat  on  your 
side,  they  served  with  fidelity  as  they  fought  with  valour,  and 
conquered  for  you  in  every  part  of  the  world." 


112  NEW   YORK    STATE   HISTORICAL   ASSOCIATION 

s 

COPY  OF  ALL  REFERENCES  TO  THE  BLACK  WATCH  OF 

THE  TICONDEROGA  PERIOD  TO  BE  FOUND  IN  THE 

ARCHIVES  OF  THE  DOMINION  OF  CANADA 

AT  OTTAWA. 

/  am  indebted  for  this  Memorandum  to  Arthur  Doughty  Litt. 
D.}  Archivist  of  the  Dominion  of  Canada. 

1758.  Abercrombie  to  Haldimand   (?)  Plan  of  opera- 

March  29,  tions  settled  at  Home.     Southern  Operations. 

New  York.         

Corps,  Blakeney's,  Lord  John  Murray's  &c. 

B.6      p.35 

1756.  M.204-2    p.397    Shirley  to  Fox 

New  York. 

Just  arrived  from  Albany  Major  Abercrombie  and 
General  Webb  arrived  one  on  the  25th  of  June  and 
the  other  the  next  morning  with  great  part  of  Ot- 
way's Regiment  and  with  all  the  Highland  Regi- 
ments, <fec. 

In  a  letter  from  Abercrombie  to  London  dated 
Albany,  3d  August,  1756. 

Col.  Schuyler's  New  Jersey  Regiment  and  four 
North  Carolina  Companies  are  barely  sufficient  to 
Garrison  Oswego  and  keep  the  communication  open 
to  Schenectady  and  there  remains  the  48th  Regi- 
ment together  with  Otway's  and  the  Highlanders 
to  Garrison  Fort  William  Henry,  &c.,  &c. 

M.205-1    p. 

1756.  James  Abercrombie  to On  the  15th  of  April 

June  21.  sailed  from  Plymouth  and  arrived  here  on  the  16th 

New  York.         June  with  General  Otway's  and  Lord  John  Mur- 
ray's Regiments,  &c.  B. 205-1    p.8 


LORD  HOWE  STONE 

Unearthed  at  Ticonderoga,  Oct.  1889.     Now  Preserved  at  Headquarters 

House 


1756. 
Aug.  29, 
Albany. 


1756. 
,Sept.  4. 
Boston. 


1756. 
Nov.  22, 
Albany. 


THE    BLACK    WATCH    AT    TICONDEROGA  '113 

London  to -Fox. 


Though  I  was  informed  that  the  whole  Trans- 
ports with  the  Highland  Recruits  were  arrived,  I 
heard  this  morning  that  there  were  still  five  miss- 
ing, and  that  those  that  are  come  were  very  short 
of  Provisions,  they  were  victualled  only  for  two 
months,  &c.,  &c.  M.205-1  p.240 

Shirley  to  Loudon. 

Upon  this  I  beg  leave  to  observe  to  your  Lord- 
ship, that  it  appearing  from  Col.  Webb's  letter  to 
me  dated  from  New  York  the  9th  June,  that  Ot- 
way's  and  the  Highland  Regiments  might  be  daily 
expected  there  (Oswego). 

What  confirms  me  in  the  matter  is,  that  your 
Lordship  told  me,  when  I  had  the  honour  to  wait 
on  you,  when  the  day  you  set  from  New  York,  be- 
ing the  26th  July  that  the  Garrison  at  Oswego  was 
so  weak,  that  the  44th  Regiment  was  to  be  sent  to 
strengthen  it  and  at  the  same  time  your  Lordship 
mentioned,  that  you  thought  900  men,  by  which  I 
suppose  your  Lordship  meant  Otway's  and  the 
Highland  Regiments  were  but  a  few  to  cover  the 
country. 

M.205-2    p.306 
London  to  Fox 


The  42nd  Regiment,  I  quarter  at  Schenectady, 
from  whence  they  take  the  posts,  on  the  Mohawk 
river,  &c. 


M.207-1     p.2 


114  NEW   YORK    STATE   HISTORICAL    ASSOCIATION 

1757.  London  to  Pitt -. 

April  25.  As  the  Garrison  (Fort  Henry)  had  been  troubled 

New  York.          with  the  scurvy  I  had  ordered  Lieutenant  General 

Otway's  Regiment  to  relieve  them,  and  Colonel 
Monro  met  the  account  of  the  attack  being  made 
on  the  Fort  on  his  march;  he  immediately  left  his 
baggage,  and  made  all  possible  dispatch  to  Fort 
Edward,  where  he  received  the  account  of  their 
being  retired.  Colonel  Gage  and  Burton  followed 
him  directly  with  the  remains  of  the  44th  and 
46th  Regiments  and  the  Highlanders  were  sot  in 
motion  from  Schenectady.  They  all  marched  with- 
out Tents,  and  lay  in  the  woods,  &c. 

We  have  on  that  river  (Mohawk),  at  Schenec- 
tady, and  up  to  the  German  Flats,  the  Highland 
Regiment,  upwards  of  a  thousand  men,  &c. 

M.207-1    p.174 

1758.  Loudon  to  Pitt 

Feb'y  14.  storming  of 

New  York.          Fort  Herkemer  and  I  threw  in  part  of  the  42nd 

Regiment  of  Highlanders  into  Schenectady,  that 
there  might  be  no  want  of  numbers  for  this  serv- 
ice. M.208.  p.2 

Divisions  of  Manuscripts, 
February  22,  1911. 


T 

THE  BLACK  WATCH  MEMORIAL  AT  TICONDEROGA. 

The  genesis  of  this  memorial  was  an  address  made  by  the  late 
Joseph  Cook  at  the  services  held  in  front  of  the  boulder  erected  to 
the  heroes  of  Ticonderoga,  Academy  Park,  Ticonderoga,  N.  Y. 
July  31,  1899,  in  which  he  made  this  remark:  "There  ought  to  be 
a  memorial  to  the  Black  Watch  composed  largely  of  Scotch  High- 
landers who,  with  the  Colonials  charged  Montcalm's  entrenchments 
for  eight  consecutive  hours." 


Major  D.  L.  Wilson  Farguharson,  D.  S.  O.,  at  "Allargue" 

Representation  of  the  Black  Watch  at  Unveiling  of  Memorial  Tablet, 
Ticonderoga,  July  4,  1906 


THE    BLACK    WATCH    AT    TICONDEROGA  115 

i 

The  writer,  who  was  secretary  of  the  Ticonderoga  Historical 
Society  at  that  time,  had  the  honor  of  being  the  medium  through 
which  this  chance  remark  became  an  enduring  memorial  of  brick 
and  stone.  He  was  unsuccessful,  however,  until  Mr.  David 
Williams,  the  publisher  of  "The  Iron  Age,"  a  summer  resident  of 
Ticonderoga  at  Rogers  Rock,  came  to  his  assistance.  Mr.  Andrew 
Carnegie  was  the  generous  donor  of  the  funds  to  build  this  mem- 
orial. The  grants  were  in  two  amounts,  the  first  gift  for  a  public 
.ibrary  with  the  usual  provisions,  and  the  second  gift,  with  no. 
limitations,  with  which  to  build  an  historical  addition  to  the  library, 
thus  makng  it  both  a  public  library  and  historical  building. 

The  laying  of  the  corner  stone,  Oct.  4,  1905,  was  made  the 
occasion  for  one  of  the  greatest  celebrations  Ticonderoga  has  ever 
seen.  The  pipe  band  of  the  5th  Royal  Scots  of  Canada,  High- 
hinders,  now  the  5th  Royal  Highlanders  of  Canada,  from  Montreal, 
and  the  Regimental  band  and  a  Battalion  of  the  5th  Infantry, 
U.  S.  A.,  from  Plattsburgh,  were  the  principal  features  of  the 
parade.  It  was  particularly  appropriate  that  the  Royal  Scots 
should  be  present,  as  they  are  allied  to  the  Black  Watch  and  wear 
the  same  uniform.  It  was  also  an  education  to  the  thousands  of 
spectators,  few,  if  any  of  whom  had  ever  seen  Highlanders  in  full 
regimentals  marching  to  the  'music  of  bagpipes.  After  the  exer- 
cises of  the  day,  the  Royal  Scots  visited  the  ruins  of  old  Fort 
Ticonderoga,  about  two  miles  from  the  village  and  the  picture  of  a 
body  of  Highlanders  with  their  scarlet  coats  and  tartan  kilts 
marching  up  the  green  slopes  of  the  old  ramparts,  with  the  setting 
sun  behind  them,  was  one  never  to  be  forgotten  and  which  probably 
had  not  occurred  since  the  Revolution. 

The  officers  of  the  present  Black  Watch  Regiment,  then  sta- 
tioned at  Fort  George  Scotland,  being  advised  of  the  Memorial  sent 
the  following  letter  to  the  secretary  of  the  Ticonderoga  Historical 
Society : 

"Dear  Sir:  Your  letter  9th  Sept.,  1905,  on  the  subject  of  a 
Black  Watch  Memorial,  has  been  perused  by  the  Commanding 
Officer  and  the  Officers  of  the  1st  battalion  of  The  Black  Watch, 
formerly  called  the  42nd  Royal  Highland  Regiment,  and  it  was  also 
submitted  and  discussed  at  the  Annual  Gathering  of  Black  AVatch 


116  NEW    YORK    STATE    HISTORICAL    ASSOCIATION 

Officers — past  and  present — recently  held  in  Edinburgh.  I  am 
authorized  to  inform  you  that  all  Ranks  of  the  Regiment  are  proud 
to  know  that  the  Ticonderoga  Historical  Society  had  decided  to 
appropriate  an  alcove  in  the  Ticonderoga  Free  Public  Library  as  a 
memorial  to  the  42nd  Regiment,  to  commemorate  their  services  in 
the  engagement  before  Fort  Ticonderoga  on  July  8,  1758.  The 
suggestion  contained  in  your  letter,  to  the  effect  that  Officers  of 
the  Regiment  might  be  disposed  to  erect  a  tablet  on  a  wall  of  the 
Alcove  to  the  memory  of  the  officers  and  men  of  the  42nd  who  were 
killed  or  wounded  in  the  action  has  met  with  the  unanimous 
approval  of  those  to  whose  notice  it  has  been  brought,  and  I  am  to 
inform  you  that  such  a  Tablet  will  gladly  be  provided  and  that  the 
work  of  executing  the  Tablet  will  be  entrusted  to  a  London  firm 
a*  soon  as  a  suitable  design  has  been  decided  upon.  In  order  to 
assist  us  in  choosing  a  suitable  form  of  tablet  I  shall  be  much 
obliged  if  you  can  favor  me  with  a  rough  plan  of  the  alcove,  the 
dimensions  of  the  actual  wall  on  which  the  Tablet  will  rest,  and  an 
idea  of  the  general  style  of  the  building. 

I  shall  be  glad  to  hear  from  you  as  soon  as  you  can  conven- 
iently supply  the  information  for  which  I  have  asked. 

I  am,  Sir,  yours  truly, 

D.  L.  Wilson  Farquharson. 

Major  The  Black  Watoh. 

The  exercises  for  the  unveiling  of  the  memorial  tablet  July  4, 
1906,  was  made  the  occasion  for  another  grand  celebration  at  which 
the  full  bag  pipe  band  of  the  5th  Royal  Highlanders  of  Canada 
and  a  company  of  50  men  from  the  same  regiment,  making  a  total 
of  75  Highlanders,  were  a  feature  of  the  parade.  Major  D.  L. 
Wilson  Farquharson  of  the  Black  Watch,  came  over  from  Scotland 
to  unveil  the  tablet  in  behalf  of  the  Regiment.  It  was  accepted  by 
Frank  B.  Wickes  of  Ticonderoga  for  the  Ticonderoga  Historical 
Society.  The  address  of  the  day  was  delivered  by  Senator  Edgar 
T.  Bracket!  of  Saratoga  Springs. 


\J    « 
C>    w 

H  '^ 

H  i 
5  s., 

o>  a) 

J  °S 

^1    ^    rt 

— i    o>  H 

«  g 

OO  r5 
^  <D  rf 

2  tj  '^ 

H    e«  O 

«!l 
8| 

g  s 
^a 

M      (M 

O    ° 

^  2 

M     0> 

ra  •? 


I 

A 
9 

..-: 

O 

a 


THE    BLACK    WATCH    AT    TICONDEROGA 


117 


List  of  Officers,  Non-Commissioned  Officers  and  Partial  List  of 

Men  Composing  Ticonderoga  Detachment,  5th  Royal 

Highlanders  of  Canada,  July  4th,  1906. 


Capt.  A.  F.  Gault. 
Capt.  V.  C.  Buchanan. 
Capt.  C.  M.  Monsarrat. 
Capt.  J.  Muir,  Quartermaster. 
Scrgt.  Major  D.  A.  Bethune. 
Q.  M.  Sergt.  B.  Howard. 
Col.  Sergt.  J.  H.  A.  Mackay. 
Staff  Sergt.  T.  A.  Gardiner. 
Staff  Sergt.  J.  Phillips. 
S^rgt.  C.  Denman. 
Sergt.  P.  Forde. 
Sergt.  T.  Mitchell. 
Bugle  Sergt.  P.  Broadhurst. 
Drum  Sergt.  F.  W.^Flood. 
Drum  Major,  G.  Foley. 
Pipe  Major,  "D.  Manson. 
Sergt.  J.  MacLean. 
Corp.  P.  W.  MacFarlane. 
Corp.  H.  Massey. 
Corp.  N.  Manson. 
Corp.  P.  Sutton. 

Privates. 
J.  Bayley. 
F.  H.  Benson. 
,        Walsh. 
A.  E.  Smith. 
S.  Tapster. 
Scobie. 
P.  Roache. 
J.  Cockburn. 
A.  Bishop. 


J.  A.  McLean. 

Jeffries. 
W.  Marsh. 
J.  Ferguson. 
J.  Corbett. 
J.  Palmer. 
C.  Myers. 

C.  Black. 
J.  Stuart. 
J.  Roney. 

Dean. 
A.  Reid. 
A.  Williams. 
A.  Betts. 

D.  Reid. 

L.  Pickering. 


Pipers. 


R.  Morrison. 
M.  McLeod. 
J.  Ferrier. 
D.  McArthur. 
D.  Brash. 
J.  Husband. 
B.  Milligan. 


Drummers. 


J.  Ryan. 
Gore. 
Kemp. 
Jones. 


PRESS  OF  THE  GLENS  FALLS  PUBLISHING  COMPANY 


THE  LIBRARY 
UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA 

Santa  Barbara 


UIFORN1A     o 


\ 


THIS  BOOK  IS  DUE  ON  THE  LAST  DATE 
STAMPED  BELOW. 


JOTI5  JAN  Oil  "336 


Series  9482 


o     MISaJAINO  3H1 


tHE  UNIVERSITY    o 


\ 


0  x> 


T 


120501697  1747 


UC  SOUTHERN  REGIONAL  LIBRARY  FACILITY 


